Chapter 4

structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins

Threadlike structure within the nucleus composed of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule that carries hereditary information encoded in genes

Jellylike substance found within the cell membrane composed of proteins, salts, water, dissolved gases, and nutrients

Molecule that holds genetic information capable of replication and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides

Muscular wall that divides that thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism

Cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus(reproduction), ribosomes (protein synthesis), Golgi apparatus (removal of material from the cell), and lysosomes (digestion)

Study of nature of diseases, their causes, development, and consequences

Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the walls of a tubular organ to propel the contents onward

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

Coccyx

Dorsal

Ventral

RUQ

LUQ

RLQ

LLQ

Medial

Lateral

Superior

Inferior

proximal

Distal

Anterior (Ventral)

Posterior (dorsal)

Prone

Supine

Inversion

Eversion

Palmar

Plantar

Superficial

Deep

cyt/o

hist/o

kary/o

nucle/o

anter/o

caud/o

crani/o

dist/o

dors/o

infer/o

later/o

medi/o

Poster/o

proxim/o

ventr/o

abdomin/o

cervic/o

ili/o

inguin/o

Lumb/o

Pelv/i

pelv/o

spin/o

thorac/o

umbilic/o

albin/o

leuk/o

chlor/o

chrom/o

cirrh/o

Jaund/o

xanth/o

cyan/o

erythr/o

melan/o

poli/o

acr/o

eti/o

idi/o

morph/o

path/o

radi/o

somat/o

son/o

viscer/o

xer/o

-genesis

-gnosis

-gram

-graph

-graphy

-logist

Abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated

substance analyzed or tested, generally by means of laboratory methods

substance injected into the body, introduced via catheter, or swallowed to facilitate radiographic images of internal structures that otherwise are difficult to visualize on x-ray films

Bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound

feverish; pertaining to a fever

Relative constanct or balance in the internal environment of the body, maintained by processes of feedback and adjustment in responce to external or internal changes

Diseased; pertaining to a disease

Branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioactive substances for diagnosis, treatment, and research

Medical specialty concerned with the use of electromagnatic radiation, ultrasound, and imaging techniques for diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury

Substances that emit radiation spontaneously, also called tracers

Radionuclide attached to a protein, sugar or other substances used to visualize an organ or area of the body that will be scanned

Term used to describe a computerized image by modiality (such as CT, MRI, and nuclear imaging) or by structure (such as thyriod and bone)

Pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream

Producing or associated with generation of pus

Visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

Visual examination of the organs of the pelvis and abdomen through very small incisions in the abdominal wall

Examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs

Common blood test that enumerates red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets; measures hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells); estimates red cells volume; and and sorts white blood cells into five subtypes with their percentages

Common urine screening test that evaluates the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine

Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles; formerly called computerized axial tomography

Ultrasound technique used to detect and measure blood flow velicity and direction through the cardiac chambers, valves, and peripheral vessels by reflecting sound waves off moving blood cells

Radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures

Noninvasive imaging technique that uses radiowaves and a strong magnetic field rather that an x-ray beam to produce multplanar cross-sectional images

Diagnostic technique that uses a radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) called a tracer introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested, or injected) and a specialized camera to produce images of organs and structures

Scanning technique using computed tomography to record the positrons (positive charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical, that produces a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity in body tissues to determine the presence of disease

Imaging technique that uses x-rays passed through the body or area and captured on a film; also called x-ray

Radiological technique that integrates computed tomography (CT) and a radioactive material (tracer) injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs

Radiographic technique that produces an image representing a detailed cross-section, or slice, of an area, tissue, or organ at a predetermined depth

Imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that display the reflected "echoes" on a monitor; also called ultrasound, sonography, echo, and echography

Representative tissue sample removed from the body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis

Ultra thin slice of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination

Removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow instument (punch)

Removal of tissue using surgical blade to shave elevated lesions

Removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destructions, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency (RF)

Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals

Scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instument called a curette

Incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity

Surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site in an attempt to excise all tissue that may be malignant and decrease the chance of recurrence

Partial excision of a bone, organ, or other structure

Anterior

Anteroposterior

Biopsy

Complete Blood Count

Computed Tomography

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Digital Subtraction angiography

Diagnosis

Frozen Section

Incision and drainage

Lateral

Magnatic Resonance Imaging

Positron Emission Tomography

Posterior

rheumatoid factor; radio frequency

Sonogram

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Symptom

Treatment

Urinalysis

Upper and Lower

Ultrasound ultrasonography