Bio what is life.txt

Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins

Growth, reproduction, homeostasis, sense and respond to stimuli, obtain and use energy

Maintain a stable internal environment even when external environment changes

All the chemical reactions taking place in the cells of a living organism that allow it to obtain and use energy

Chemically pure substance that can't be chemically broken down. Each is made up of and defined by a single type of atom

Anything that takes up space and has mass

The smallest unit of an element that can't be chemically broken down into smaller units

A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom

A negatively charged subatomic particle with negligible mass

An electrically uncharged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom

The dense core of an atom

strong chemical bond resulting from the sharing of a pair of electrons between 2 atoms

atoms linked by covalent bonds

molecule with a carbon-based backbone and at least one C-H bond

molecule that lacks a carbon-based backbone and C-H bonds

organic molecule made up of one or more sugars. carb with 1 sugar is a monosaccharide and carb with multiple linked sugars is called a polysaccharide

organic molecule made up of linked amino acid subunits

organic molecules that generally repel water

organic molecules made up of linked nucleotide subunits. DNA and RNA are examples

large organic molecules that make up living organisms; eg. carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids

one chemical subunit of a polymer

molecule made up of individual subunits, called monomers, linked together in a chain

the monomer of a carbohydrate

the monomer of a protein

the monomer of a nucleic acid

• some act as energy-storing molecules in many organisms.
• others provide structural support for cells

carbon backbone is most often arranged in a ring

monosaccharides bonded together in straight or branching chain

• 20 different amino acids
• amino group (has a nitrogen) carboxyl group (C double bond OH) and an R group (H-C-?) in the middle

• chain of amino acids
• proteins do not function properly until they fold up into their unique three-dimensional shape

• fatty acids
• sterols (cholesterol)
• triglycerides
• phospholipids

long chain of carbon atoms bonded to one another and to hydrogen atoms

4 connected carbon rings

3 fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol molecule

sterol

• fatty acids
• saturated
• unsaturated

amino acid

monosaccharide (glucose)

triglyceride

• 2 fatty acid chains and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol molecule
• important component of cell membranes

phospholipid

• made up of nucleotides
• the nucleotides form either DNA or RNA

sugar, phosphate group and base

• adenine
• guanine
• cytosine
• thyamine (DNA) or uracel (RNA)

RNA

DNA

• the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution
• acid - more H+
• base - less H+

• 4th most common element in the universe
• 2nd most common element in your body
• ability to form multiple covalent bonds
• forms both organic and inorganic molecules

a weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atam and another atom with a partial negative charge

• water molecules can absorb a lot of energy before they get hot and vaporize because of their hydrogen bonds
• ice floats because water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid

• strong acids and bases are highly reactive with other substances, which makes them destructive to the molecules in a cell
• many biochemical reactions take place only at a certain pH
• living things are extremely sensitive to changes in pH, and most function best when their pH stays within a specific range