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Biological Psychologists
- a branch of psychology concerned with the links between psychology and behavior
- behavioral neuroscientists
- pysiologiacal psychologists
- bio-psychologists
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Neuron
- a nerve cell: the basic building block of the nervous system
- there ate a lot of tyoes, but they have basically the same theme
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Dendrite
- the brushy, branching extentions of a neuron that recieve msgs to conduct impulses towards the cell body
- (A)
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Axon
- the extentoin of a neuron, extending in branching terminal fibers, through which msgs pass to other neurons or muscles or glands
- (B)
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Mylin Sheath
- a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of neurons, enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next
- if the sheath desintagrates, communication to the muscles is slowed and you lose muscle control
- (C)
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Action Potential
a neural impulse; a breif electrical charge that travels down an axon
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Threshold
- the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural response
- establishes an all or nothing synapse
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Synapse
the junction between the axon the tip of the sending neuron and the dendirte cell body of the recieving neuron.
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Neurotransmitters
- chem messages that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons.
- when released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind receptor sites on the recieving neuron, thereby influenceing wheter that neuron will generate a neural response
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Acetycholine
- a neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction
- one of the best understood neurostransmitters
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Endorphins
- natural opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
- can be triggered through exercise
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Nucleus
- the center of cell body
- the battery basically
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Soma
- Cell body/Cyton
- where the electrical charge happens (action potential)
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Nods of Ranvier
- the clefts in the Mylin sheath
- speeds up message travel
- (F)
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Axon Terminals
- long bracelet things that send the message out of the neuron into the synapse
- (G)
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Synaptic Vesicles
- balls of neurotransmitters in the axon terminal's terminal buttons
- (H)
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Receptor site
- inside dendrites that pick up specific neurotransmitters and bind like a lock and key
- (I)
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Synaptic Gap/Cleft
- the area btw the axons and dendrites where the chemical reactions happen
- (J)
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Axon Terminal Buttons
- the bulb-like things at the inside of the axon terminals that contain vesicles
- (K)
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Depolarization
- destressed
- a regrouping of a neuron so it is ready to fire again
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Hyperpolarization
less likely to fire
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Refractory period
the resting period after the neuron fires for recouperation
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Sodium-Potassium Pumps
sodium is pumped in while potassium is pumped out during action potential
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Serotonin
- responsible for mood control
- effects sleep
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Dopamine
- pain killer--blocks pain messages to the brain
- tied to movement and muscle control
- lack of it gives you Parkinson's
- too much gives you schizophrenia
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Norepinephrine
- Alertness
- triggers nervous system (fight/flight)
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Gamma Aminebutyric (GABA)
makes inhibitory neurons fire (or block messages)
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Glutamate
- makes exitedtory neurons fire
- (opposite of GABA)
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Agonists
- drugs that excite
- stimulants
- makeshift lock and key
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Antagonists
- drugs that block an inhibitory action
- morphine
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