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What is a therapeutic use of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren (Tekturna)?
Hypertension
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the alpha/beta blocker carvedilol (Coreg)?
- Treats hypertension
- Treats heart failure along with digoxin, angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors, and diuretics
- Prolongs chance of survival following myocardial infarction
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the aldosterone antagonist spironol
actone (Aldactone)?
- Treats hypertension
- Treats symptoms of heart failure following myocardial infarction
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the class IV/calcium channel blocker verapamil (Calan)?
- Converts supraventricular tachycardia to a sinus rhythm
- Slows rate of atrial fibrillation and flutter
- Treats angina and hypertension
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What is a therapeutic use for the sympathomimetic drug dobutamine (Dobutrex)?
Increases cardiac output in severe heart failure (short-term use only)
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) losartan (Cozaar)?
- Treats hypertension
- Prevents stroke
- Manages diabetic nephropathy
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the fibrate drug gemfibrozil (Lopid)?
- Reduces high levels of plasma triglycerides
- Reduces LDL cholesterol (less effectively than statins)
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine) nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)?
- Treats mild to moderate hypertension
- Treats stable (exertional) angina and variant (vasospastic) anginas
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What is a therapeutic use for the phosphodiesterase inhibitor drug milrinone (Primacor)?
Short-term treatment of low cardiac output in heart failure
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the centrally acting alpha2 agonist clonidine (Catapres)?
- Hypertension
- Severe pain relief (administered by epidural infusion)
- Off-label uses: migraine headache (prevention); withdrawal from alcohol, opioids, and nicotine; dysmenorrheal and menopausal hot flashes; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children; Tourette's syndrome
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the class IA/sodium channel blocker drugs quinidine (Apo-Quinidine, Novo-Quinidine) and procainamide (Pronestyl)?
- Broad spectrum antidysrhythmics treat atrial fibrillation, supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias.
- Quinidine is used more for long-term treatment while procainamide is used only for short-term treatment due to severe adverse effects.
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the direct-acting vasodilator drug hydralazine (Apresoline)?
- Moderate to severe hypotension
- Hypertensive crisis (IV form)
- Used with digitalis and other vasodilators to treat heart failure on a short-term basis
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the class IC/sodium channel blockers flecainide (Tambocor) and propafenone (Rythmol)?
- Treat serious supraventricular and ventricular tachydysrhythmias not controlled by other antidysrhythmics
- Used long term for some supraventricular dysrhythmias
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the class II/beta adrenergic blocker propranolol (Inderal)?
- Management of cardiac tachydysrhythmias, such as atrial and ventricular tachycardia and tachycardia caused by exercise or emotion
- Treats hypertension alone or along with other drugs, such as diuretics
- Prevents pain from angina pectoris
- Treatment to decrease mortality following myocardial infarction (MI)
- Used for prophylaxis against migraine headaches
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the beta adrenergic blockers atenolol (Tenormin) and metoprolol (Lopressor)?
- Treats hypertension
- Treats angina pectoris
- Decreases mortality following myocardial infarction
- Treats cardiac dysrhythmias (investigational use)
- Treats heart failure
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What is a therapeutic use of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren (Tekturna)?
Hypertension
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the alpha1 adrenergic blocker doxazosin (Cardura)?
- Treats hypertension
- Treats benign prostatic hypertrophy
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the loop diuretic furosemide (Lasix)?
- Treats pulmonary edema in heart failure
- Treats edema caused by renal, hepatic, or cardiac failure not affected by other diuretics
- Treats hypertension not controlled by other diuretics
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the cardiac glycoside digoxin (Lanoxin)?
- Treats mild to moderate hypertension
- Treats stable (exertional) angina and variant (vasospastic) anginas
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the nitrate drugs nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitro-Dur, Nitro-Bid) and isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)?
- Treatment and prophylaxis of angina pectoris
- Rapid-acting forms (only transmucosal tablets, translingual spray and sublingual tablets treat an angina attack)
- Longer-acting forms, such as regular tablets, immediate release or sustained release tablets/capsules, are used to prevent attacks from occurring.
- IV nitroglycerin is used for severe unstable angina attacks and to control blood pressure perioperatively and to treat heart failure after acute myocardial infarction.
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) drug simvastatin (Zocor)?
- Reduces LDL and triglycerides
- Increases HDL cholesterol
- Recommended to reduce mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the adrenergic neuron blocker reserpine (Serpalan, Sk-Reserpine)?
Treats hypertension (not a first-line choice due to severe adverse effects)
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the potassium-sparing diuretic drug spironolactone (Aldactone)?
- Hypertension
- Edema caused by heart failure
- Cirrhosis of the liver
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Hypokalemia
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the class IB/sodium channel blocker lidocaine (Xylocaine)?
- IV: Controls only ventricular dysrhythmias caused by myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery or procedures, digoxin toxicity
- Local: Provides local or regional anesthesia
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the thiazide diuretic hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)?
- Used with other drugs, treats heart failure
- Treats cirrhosis of the liver and renal failure
- Treats hypertension
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the class III/potassium channel blocker amiodarone (Cordarone)?
- Manages life-threatening ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation that is resistant to other drugs
- May treat some atrial dysrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation
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What are some of the therapeutic uses for the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (Capoten)?
- Hypertension
- Heart failure
- Diabetic nephropathy
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