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Small intestine
consists of duodenum, jejunum and ileum carries chime from stomach to large intestine
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Function of small intestine
Further processes chime into a more liquid state; food substances are absorbed into the bloodstream from the villi on the walls of the small intestine
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Where do the small and large intestines meet
Cecum
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Large intestine consists of
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon
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Function of large intestine
Water, sodium and chlorides are reabsorbed and waste is propelled to the anus; contains bacteria that break down waste products; water is extracted from the waste during transit
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Feces is stored
in the sigmoid colon until it moves into the rectum
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Normal stool is
light to dark brown, soft, formed; light to dark color is caused by bile; color can change by vitamins, drugs or diet
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Abnormal stool is
blood in the stool (occult=hidden), stool with red blood on surface is probably associated with hemorrhoid ; bright red blood in stool is GI bleed in lg intestine; blood in small intestine is changed to tarry substance (melena)
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Pale white or light gray stool indicate
absence of bile in intestine usually due to obstruction in bile duct to the intestine from GB or liver
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Mucus in stool indicates
irritation of inflammation of the inner surface of the intestines
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Pus in stool indicates
drainage of an ulcer that is inflamed or infected
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Common parasitic worms in intestines are
Tapeworm, pinworm and roundworm
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What is steatorrhea
Stool with abnormally high fat content that are foul smelling and float on water
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What is constipation
Decreased frequency of bowel movement or hard, dry feces
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Who is at risk for constipation
Any patient restricted to bed rest
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What is diarrhea
Frequent loose stool occurring when increased peristalsis pushes food through the intestinal tract too fast; or the body�s way of trying to rid itself of pathogens
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After a barium enema
Increased fluid intake, may receive laxative, chalk colored stools
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What initiates peristalsis
Gastrocolic reflex
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Best recommendation for an elderly male patient with poor diet and chronic constipation
FiberCon daily
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Fecal incontinence may be caused by
Stroke
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If a patient has not passed a stool for two days,
Ask about patient�s normal bowel pattern
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What information should be included in the nursing care plan for patient with constipation
Consume 1-3 tablespoons of bran mixed with applesauce
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Interventions for a patient with diarrhea include
Offering a clear liquid diet
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What medical conditions may require an ostomy
Colon cancer, ulcerative colitis, congenital bowel malformation
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