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Define anatomy
Study of the human body
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Define Physiology
Science of body Function
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What are the 3 major body cavities?
- Thoracic- ends at diapragm
- Abdominal
- Pelvic- Can collect 3L of blood without any signs
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Cell Function? 7 major
- The cell is the fundamental unit of the human body.
- movement
- conductivity
- merablic absorption
- secretion
- excretion
- respiration
- reproduction
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Difference between Aerobic and anarobic respiration?
- Aerobic- with O2
- Anarobic- without O2
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Define Tissue?
Group of cells that perform a similar function
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Epithelial Tissue?
- Lines internal and external body surfaces and protects the body. Some forms perform specialized functions
- Secretion
- Absorption
- Diffusion
- Filtration
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Connective Tissues
- Proper
- Fluid - blood and Lymph ( cantaned in lymphatic system)
- Supporting - Cartilage and Bone
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Define Muscle Tissue
Contracts when stimulated.
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Cardia Tissue?
Found only within the heart. Unique capability of spontaneous contraction w/e external stimulation
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Smooth Muscle?
- Found with in intestines and encircling blood vessels
- Generally under control of the autonomic nervous system.
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Skeletal muscle ?
allows movement and is generally under coluntary control - most abundant type. ( brain activated.)
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Nerve Tissue?
Specialized Tiwwue that transmits electrical impulses throughought the body. ( spinal cord, peripheral nerves)
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Organ?
structure made up of 2 or more kinds of tissue organized to perform a more complex function.
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System?
Group of organs arranged to perform a more complex function than can any one organ alone. 11 major systems
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Tendon?
Connects bones with Muscle
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Floating Bone?
Hyoid Bone
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Vertebral Column
- 7- cervical
- 12- thoracic
- 5- lumbar
- 5- sacral ( 5 fused)
- 4 or 5- coccyx
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Thoracic Cage?
- protects vital organs in the thorax
- prevents collapse of the thorax during respiration.
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Appendical Skeleton?
Consists of the bones of extremities
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Every bone connects to at least one other bone except?
Hyoid bone.
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3 Major classifications of joints?
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial- Contain synovial fluid allows movement between articulation bones accounts for most joings of appendiculat skeleton.
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Primary functions of the skeletal system?
- movement
- postural maintenance
- heat protection
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Skeletal muscle
Voluntary muscle- found through the body
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Cardiac muscle
limited to the heart
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Smooth muscles
Involvuntary muscles. intestines and surrounds blood vessles.
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What is the difference between Sensory nerves and Motor nerves?
- Sensory- voluntary
- Motor - Involuntay
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Organ of the Parasympotetic nervous system?
Vegas Nerve
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Central nervous system?
Bran spinal cord
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Peripheral nervous system?
Collects info from both inside and outside the body. Relays info by AFFERENT fibers to the CNS and EFFERENT fibers from CNS to rest of body
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PADS
Pia matter- arachnoid-dura- skull ( meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.
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Dermatome
Refers to skin surface area suppled by a single spinal nerve
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Hormone given off by Parasympathetic nervous system?
Actlecoline
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Organ and hormones of the sympothetic nervous system?
Thoracis and lumber ganglia- Epinephrine and norepinephrine- alpha and beta receptors
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olfactory sense organs?
Receptors lie in the mucosa and upper part of the nasal cavity. Nerve impulses interpreted by the brain as specific odors.
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Endocrine system?
Bodies messenger system
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Hormones?
Dissolved in blood plasma and quickly distributed throughout the body.
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Endocrine glands?
Secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system.
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What does your adrenal glad secrete?
spinephrine and norepinephrine- sympotetic nervous system
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what does your pancreas secrete ?( islets of langerhans)
insulin and glucagon
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exocrine glads ( out)
secrete substances such as sweat, saliva, tears mucus ect. pushing "stuff" out of the bloodstream.
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Receptor notes
- Chemoreceptors respond to chemical stimuli
- Barareceptors respond to pressure changes
- alpha and beta receptors - neaurotransmitters and meds
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Define Metabolism
Building up( anabolism) and breaking down ( catabolism) of biochems substances and produce energy.
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Paracardial sac?
fibrous sac surrounding the heart.
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Endocardium?
inside layer of the heart
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Where is the heart located?
located in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity 2/3 of the hearts mass lies in left sternum
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Blood flow coming from the right ventrical goes to?
Pulm artery
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What veins does blood enter the heart from?
Pulmonary veins
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Systemic Circulation?
Blood enters heart at Pul veins into Left ven 1st- passes through left atrium into left ventrical and then into aotra. from aorta blood is pumped throughout the body.
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Point of bifurcation of the trachea?
Carina
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Ventilation is what kind of movement?
mechanical movement
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respiration is?
gas exchange
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what is the correct order for airway?
- PLTBBA
- parynx
- larynx
- trachia
- broncie
- bronciolas
- aviolie
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Visceral Pleura?
Directly covers the lungs
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Normal site for fetal developement?
Uterus
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Where does the majority of the exchage of materials happen?
CAPillary level
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where does 2/3 of the heart lay?
left sternum
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What are Fibrolitics?
Meds to break apart clots
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Define myocardium
heart muscle
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define arteriovenous anastomoses ( av Stunts)
Allows blood to flow from ateries to veins without passing through capillaries
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Which way to veins flow?
Into the heart
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which way to arteries flow?
away from the heart
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Upper airway?
Structures located above the glottis
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Oropharynx
Begins at uvula and extends down into the apiglottis opens into the oral cavity
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Upper airway ends where?
larynx
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