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heatherrobinson444
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The Skeletal System Consists of:
- 206 Bones (in most people;some differ in bones in coccyx and ribs)
- Joints (the space where two bones meet)
- Related Connective Tissue: Ligaments, tendons,periosteum
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The functions of the skeletal system are?
- 1.Serve a firm framework for the body
- 2.Protect delicate structures, for example brain and spinal cord
- 3.Work as levers for muscles so muscles can produce movement
- 4.Store Calcium and phosphorus;help keep calcium in blood at normal level
- 5.Produce blood cells in the red bone marrow (stem cells produced in red marrow and form all blood cells, WBC,RBC and platelettes)
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Osteoblasts
Bone building cells
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Osteoclasts
Bone destroying (break down)
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Osteocytes
Maintains existing bone
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Compact Bone
dense,hard,found near bone surface for strength
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Spongy Bone
softer,jelly-like, found in epiphysis and the marrow cavity
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Bone projection: Head
Rounded,knoblike end of a bone
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Bone projection: Process
large part of a bone that juts out
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Bone Projection:Crest
ridge of bone
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Bone projection: Spine
sharp projection of bone
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Bone Depression:Foramen
- hole in a bone
- Foramen Magnum; place where the spinal cord enters the cranium
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Bone Depression:Sinus
- an air space found in some skull bones
- {every sinus has mucus membrane lining}
- Sinuses fit the definition of exocrine glands
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Bone Depression:Fossa
- depression (dent) in bone
- example:sphenoid bone goes across underneath brain with fossa that encloses around the pituitary gland protecting it
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Axial skeleton
- skull,vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
- *sacrum is part of axial skeleton
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Appendicular skeleton
bones of the upper and lower extremities, shoulder girdle, pelvic (hip) girdle.
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Periosteum
- connective tissue membrane covering a bone
- (doesn't cover ends of bone)
- (ligaments are an extension of periosteum)
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Diaphysis
main shaft of a bone
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Epiphysis
expanded end of a bone
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Articular cartilage
found at ends of epiphyses for cushioning at joint
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Epiphyseal cartilage
cartilage found near the ends of bones; concerned with the growth of bone in children
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Marrow Cavity
space within the diaphysis, where yellow marrow forms
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Endosteum
lining of marrow cavity
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Yellow Bone Marrow
fatty connective tissue that fills the marrow cavity; jellylike
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Red Bone Marrow
tissue which manufactures stem cells (produces all types of blood cells) found near the ends of long bones and the center of other bones
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Suture Lines
are joints where skull bones meet
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Skull consists of how many bones?
8
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1 Bone makes up forehead area
Frontal bone
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Parietal Bones
2 bones that cover the top and sides of head (mostly the top)
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What area can you find the ear canal foramen?
Temporal bones there are 2, temporal pulse can be found here as well as mastoid process
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This skull bone goes across the skull underneath the brain and protects the pituitary gland.
Sphenoid bone made up of 1 bone
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Occipital bone
1 bone located at the lower back of skull
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Maxilla
2 bones that comprise the upper jaw, are fused together and function as one bone
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Mandible
- Lower jaw 1 bone
- try not to dribble on your mandible
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Zygomatic bones
2 bones make up the "cheek bones"
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Cervical Vertebrae
- Comprised of 7 vertebrae located in the neck
- 1st vertebrae Atlas (holding up weight of skull)
- 2nd Axis (allows for head rotation)
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Thoracic Vertebrae
- comprised of 12 bones located right below cervical vertebrae
- run the length of the thoracic cavity
- and form a joint with each rib
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Lumbar vertebrae
- comprised of 5 bones located in the small of the back
- most likely to be injured from improper body mechanics while lifting or moving heavy object
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Sacrum
comprised of 1 bone in adults (5 in young child which fuse together by adulthood)
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Coccyx
comprised of 1 bone (4-5 bones in yound children) tailbone, coccygial vertebrae
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Vertebrae parts
spinous process, transverse process, spines on the sides of the vertebrae
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Intervertebral foramina
hole for spinal cord
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Intervertebral discs
located between all vertebrae
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What is the function of the "S" shape curves in the spinal column?
to make the spine stronger
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Kyphosis
exaggeration of thoracic curve
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Lordosis
exaggeration of lumbar curve
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Scoliosis
located anywhere in the vertebrae but curves to the side (left or right)
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There are a total of____pairs of ribs
12
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True ribs
- upper 7 pairs
- called true ribs because all 7 connect to sternum via
- it's own cartilage
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False ribs
- lower pairs 8-10
- only connect to sternum via cartilage from rib #7
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Floating ribs
- lower pairs 11-12
- form joints with the thoracic vertebrae in the back
- but do not do so in the front
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Where is the Xiphoid process located on the sternum?
- inferior to the sternum (lowest part of sternum)
- if CPR done incorrectly this can break off and puncture the lungs and/or heart
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Scapula
- comprised of 2 bones one on each side of the body
- acromion process
- and glenoid cavity found here (dent where humerus goes)
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Clavicle
- comprised of 2 bones, rests on top of sternum medially
- laterally forms joint with acromion process
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Humerus
- 2 bones one on each side of body
- makes up upper arm area
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Olecranon process
is what makes up the elbow, where you bang your funny bone
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Carpals
16 bones, 8 each wrist
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Metacarpals
10, 5 bones each hand
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Phalanges
- 28, 14 phalanges each hand
- 3 bones each finger
- 2 each thumb
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