pharm exam 2

• -suppress cough
• -some act within CNS
• -some act peripherally (dexitromethorphan)

-renders cough more productive by stimulating the flow of respiratory tract secretions (gulafinesin)

-reacts directly with mucous to make it more watery (mucomyst)

small machines used to convert a drug solution into a mist for inhalation

• (dry-powder inhalers)
• -used to deliver drugs in the form of a dry, micromized powder directly to the lungs
• -no propellant is employed

• (metored dose inhalers)
• -small, hand-held, pressurized devices that deliver a measured dose of drug with each actuation
• -usually 1-2 puffs
• -make sure to each not to put lips on device but rather a distance of 1-2 inches from mouth

• -available to use with MDI devices
• -attach directly to the device
• -serve to increase delivery of drug to the lungs and decrease deposition of drug on the orophrayngeal mucosa

H1 antagonists and H2 antagonists

• -bind selectively to H1-histaminic receptors thereby blocking actinos of histamine at these sites
• -do not block H2 receptors
• -do not block release of histamine from mast cells or basophils
• -side effects: sedation, anticholinergic effects, nonsedative CNS effects, GI effects

• -produce selective blockade of H2 receptors
• -do not block H1 receptors (no use in treating allergies)
• -widely used for Peptic Ulcer Disease

• -alkylamines
• -ethanolamines
• -phenothiazines
• -piperazines
• -piperidines

• -cross blood-brain barrier poorly (much less sedative effect)
• -azelastine (Astelin)
• -cetirizine (Zyrtec)
• -levocetirizine (Xyzal)
• -fexofenadine (Allegra, Allegra ODT)
• -lordatadine (Alavert, Claritin, Tavist ND)
• -desloratadine (Clarinex, Clarinex RediTabs

• -common, chronic disorder that occus in children and adults
• -chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways

• -these drugs help relieve the symptoms of asthma by opening up the airway
• -anti-inflammatory drugs and bronchodilators

glucocorticoids, leukotriene modifiers, cromolyn and nedocromil, omalizumab

• -budesonide and fluticasone
• -most effective antiasthma drugs available

• -first line therapy for asthma
• -patients with moderate to severe asthma should use drug daily

• -reserved for patients with severe asthma
• -only prescribed when symptoms cannot be controlled with safer medications (inhaled glucocorticoids, inhaled beta2-agonists)
• -duration of use should be as brief as possible because of risk of toxicity is increased with prolonged use

• -largely devoid of serious toxicity, even when used in high doses
• -most serious concerns are adrenal suppression and bone loss