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Burns occur due to many heat sources. The most common emergency cases of burns are caused by
- thermal
- electrical
- chemical
- radiation sources
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The seriousness of a burn is estimated by its
- depth
- percentage of the body burned
- location
- age of the victim
- underlying complications
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Associated problems often cause more harm than the burn itself. Be alart for ____ and ____, as well as for broken bones or other injuries.
- inhalation injuries
- breathing problems
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Signs of possible inhalation injury include:
- burned or signed nasal hairs
- burns in or around the mouth
- flecks of soot in the client's saliva
- smell of smoke on the client's breath
- hoarse voice
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If a burned person was trapped in a confined space and exposed to chemicals or smoke
suspect smoke or heat inhalation injury
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Drowning is suffocation from submersion in liquid. ____ implies that recovery has occurred after submersion.
near drowing
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Treat all near drowning victims for ____ and ____. Maintain respiratoins and blood pressure until the person is clearly medically.
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twisting of a joint with rupture of ligaments and other possible damage
sprain
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twisting or stretching that damages a muscle or tendon
strain
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displacement of a bone from a joint
dislocation
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____ do not move the person. Get emergency help. Question the person if he or she is conscious. Observe for obviously deformed limbs. The injury should be immobilized.
The cardinal rule of emergency care
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a fractured ends of the bone protrude through the skin
compound fracture
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the skin is not broken
simple fracture
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CMS
- color
- motion
- sensitivity or sensation
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a tooth that is pushed up into the socket
intrusion injury
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a tooth that is knocked out
avulsion injury
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substances are those that burn or destroy flesh
caustic
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suspect an obstructed airway when a person or child
- becomes cyanotic
- stops breathing
- collapses for no apparent reason
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is cause by an insufficient supply of blood and oxygen to the brain.
fainting (syncope)
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things that cause faintness is
- extreme hunger
- tiredness
- heat
- being in an oxygen-deprived environment
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symptoms of fainting
- dizziness
- blackness
- spots before the eyes
- pallor
- excessive perspiration
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heart attack
myocardial infarction
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symptoms of myocardial infarction
- pain radiating to the back, neck, jaw, or teeth
- pain may be mistaken for heartburn or indigestion
- restlessness
- panic and a sense of impending doom
- difficulty breathing
- other signs of respiratory distress
- changes in pulse quality and rate
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skin is cold and clammy and the person may be
cyanotic
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indicating lack of oxygen to the tissues
cyanotic
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medications dissolve the clot and clear the blocked blood vessel
thrombolytic
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blood oozes slowly out of the wound
capillary bleeding
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blood comes in spurts with each heartbeat and is bright-red or pink. Is usually the most severe type of hemorrhage.
arterial bleeding
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blood flows steadily and is dark in color. Usually is minor and stops by itself, unless the person has a bleeding disorder.
venous bleeding
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a tie used on an extremely over a pressure point to stop hemorrhage. Often is used as a last resort.
tourniquet
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MAST
military antishock trousers
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can develop life threatening shock before the bleeding is discovered.
internal bleeding
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This acronym SIRES is faced with an allergic or anaphylactic situation
- Stabilize
- Identify the toxin
- Reverse the effect of the toxin
- Eliminate the toxin
- Support
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is when a person is exposed directly to a hazardous substance.
primary exposure
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occurs when the rescuer or healthcare provider is exposed to the contaminated person.
secondary exposure
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gastric lavage
pumping the stomach
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Hazadouis materials (HAZMATs) are used in the production of many common products including
- fuel
- medications
- plastics
- home cleaning agents
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a substance that neutralizes poisons
antidote
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anaphylactic shock
anaphylaxis
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