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abomasium
true stomach of ruminant digestive system
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alimentary or digestive tract
passage from mouth to anus
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alveolus
tooth socket in the maxilla and mandible (also refers to air socket of lung)
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ampulla
sac-shaped dilation of canal or tube
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anus
distal opening of alimentary tract
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appendix
any appendage, especially vermiform appendix attached to cecum
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bile
secretion of the liver that aids in digestion
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biliary
pertaining to bile
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brachydont
short-crowned tooth with enamel covering the crown
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buccal surface of tooth
surface of tooth next to cheek
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cecum
blind pouch portion of large intestine for fermentation of food
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celiac
pertaining to abdomen
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cementum
bonelike connective tissue that covers the roots of brachydont teeth
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choledochus
common bile duct
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chyle
milky fluid conveyed by lymphatic vessels from intestine after digestion into circulation
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chyme
semifluid contents of stomach after digestion
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colon
part of large intestine extending from cecum to rectum
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common bile duct
duct formed by junction of cystic and hepatic ducts
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coprophagia (coprophagy)
oral ingestion of fecal material
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cud
bolus containing fiber, other food particles, rumen liquid, and flora; regurgitated by ruminants
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deciduous
shed at a specific stage of development
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dentin
connective tissue surrounding tooth pulp that is covered by enamel on exposed tooth and by cementum on part implanted in jaw
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diastema
interdental space between incisors, canines and cheek teeth
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duadenal glands
glands in submucous layer of duodenum
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duodenum
first portion of small intestine, exending from pylorus of stomach to jejunum
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enamel
hard, white substance (hardest in the body) covering dentin of crown part of tooth
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esophagus
musculomembranous canal that extends from pharynx to stomach
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flexure
bend, fold, or curved part of structure
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fungiform
mushroom-shaped
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gallbladder
organ located on undersurface of liver; stores bile
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gastric glands
glands of stomach that secrete digestive chemicals
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hypsodont
long-crowned tooth found in herbivores that has enamel extending below the gumline and invaginated into longitudinal grooves of the tooth; a distinct neck is lacking
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ileocecal valve
mucous membrane folds between ileum and cecum; prevent reflux from colon into ileum (also called ileocolic valve)
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ileum
distal portion of small intestine, extending from jejunum to cecum
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incisor
any one of front teeth of either jaw
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islets of Langerhans
irregular, microscopic formations of cells in pancreas; secrete insulin and glucagon
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jejunum
portion of small intestine that extends from duodenum to ileum
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liver
large, dome-shaped organ in upper part of abdomen under diaphragm
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mesentary
peritoneal fold that attaches intestine to dorsal abdominal wall
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omasum
third and smallest compartment of rumen
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omentum
fold of peritoneum overlying stomach and other visceral organs
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oropharynx
section of pharynx that lies between soft palate and epiglottis
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palate
roof of mouth separating oral cavity from nasal cavity
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pancreas
long, irregularly shaped gland located in the mesentary of the duodenum; secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum (exocrine function) and hormones into the blood (endocrine function)
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parotid salivary gland
large salivary gland located near ear
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peptic glands
glands of mucous membrane of simple stomach that secrete acid and pepsin
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peristalsis
wave-like movement by which alimentary tract propels its contents
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peritoneum
serous membrane lining abdominal cavity, with part covering viscera and holding them in place
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pharynx
musculomembranous opening into nasal cavities, mouth larynx, and esophagus
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pylorus
distal opening of stomach through which stomach contents enter duodenum
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regurgitation
backward flow as in casting up of food
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reticulum
smallest, most cranial portion of ruminant stomach; also called honeycomb
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rugae
wrinkles or folds appearing on surface of mucous membrane of simple stomach when muscular coat contracts
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rumen
largest of compartments of forestomach of ruminants; serves as fermenting vat
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rumination
includes regurgitation, remastication, ensalivation and reswallowing of partially digested food
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saliva
clear secretion of salivary glands containing digestive enzymes
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salivary glands
oral cavity glands that secrete saliva
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secretin
hormone produced by glands of duodenum that stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice
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sphincter
ringlike muscle that closes natural opening
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stomach
musculmembraneous digestive pouch at distal end of esophagus
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sublingual salivary glands
smallest of salivary glands; located beneath tongue on either side
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submandibular and submaxillary salivary glands
salivary glands below angle of lower jaw on either side
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tongue
freely moving muscular organ of taste, located in floor of mouth; aids in prehension, mastication, grooming, swallowing, sound articulation, and other functions, depending on species.
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villi
threadlike projections covering mucosa of small intestine; aid in absorption of digested matter
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