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abnrml101
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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The opening of the nose
NARES
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The air-filled cavity behind the nose
NASAL CAVITY
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The scientific name for the “windpipe”
TRACHEA
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One of the two branches formed by division of the trachea
PRIMARY BRONCHUS
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The second branch formed by division of the trachea
SECONDARY BRONCHUS
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The area below the nasal cavities that is common to both the digestive and respiratory systems.
PHARYNX
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A small air-conducting tube containing a smooth muscle layer but little or no cartilage
BRONCHIOLE
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The blood vessels associated with the respiratory structure involved in external gas exchange
CAPILARY
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The substance that carries most of the oxygen in the blood
HEMOGLOBIN
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The substance that carries most of the carbon dioxide in the blood
WATER
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The destruction of the alveoli of the lungs often related to heavy smoking
EMPHYSEMA
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A type of COPD in which the airways are continually inflamed
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
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A type of COPD in which the alveoli of the lungs coalesce
EMPHYSEMA
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An allergic reaction that affects the bronchial tubes
ASTHMA
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The inner layer of the digestive tract
MUCOSA
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The middle layer of the digestive tract
MUSCULARIS
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The outer layer of the digestive tract
SEROSA
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Folds in the stomach that are absent if the stomach is full
RUGAE
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The proximal region of the stomach (closest to the heart)
CARDIAC
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The middle region of the stomach
BODY
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The “dome-shaped” structure of the stomach
FUNDUS
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The distal region of the stomach
PYLORIS
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The valve between the distal end of the stomach and the small intestine
PYLORIC SPHYNCTER
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The first portion of the small intestine
DUODENUM
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The second portion of the small intestine
JEJUNUM
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The third portion of the small intestine
ILLEUM
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The “pouch” at the proximal large intestine
CECUM
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The worm shaped appendage attached to the cecum
VERIFORM APPENDIX
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Which parts of the large intestine are not parts of the colon?
CECUM, RECTUM
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The portion of the colon between the cecum and liver
ASCENDING COLON
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The portion of the colon between the liver and spleen
TRANSVERSE COLON
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The portion of the colon between the spleen and sigmoid colon
DESCENDING COLON
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The last portion of the colon
SIGMOID
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The splitting of food molecules by the addition of water
HYDROLISYS
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A waste product produced from the destruction of red blood cells
BILIREUBEN
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Which organ (besides the liver) hemolyzes red blood cells?
SPLEEN
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What chemical has built up in the blood if the skin appears yellow?
BILIREUBEN
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What do we call the condition where the skin appears yellow?
JONDICE
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Which organ of the body removes bilirubin from the blood?
LIVER
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_____ is produced by the break down of bilirubin.
BILE
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Bile is stored in the _____ until we eat a fatty meal.
CHOLECYST
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Bile helps emulsify _____ in our diet.
LIPIDS
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A pancreatic enzyme that splits proteins into amino acids
PROTEASE
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Inflammation of the stomach and intestine
GASTROENTERITIS
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A microscopic functional unit of the kidney
NEPHRON
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An enzyme produced by the kidney
RENIN
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The process by which substances leave the glomerulus and enter the glomerular capsule
FILTRATION
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The hormone that increases the permeability of the DCT and collecting duct to water (increasing water reabsorption)
ANTIDIHURETIC HORMONE ADH
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An indication of the amount of dissolved substances in the urine
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
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The presence of an abundant blood protein in the urine
ALBUMINURIA
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The general condition caused by accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood
UREMIA
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Select the correct order of urine flow from its source to the outside of the body
- RENAL PEKVIS
- URETER
- BLADDER
- URETHRA
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The enzyme renin raises blood pressure by activating:
ANGIOTENSIN
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The scientific name for the throat
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The glottis is covered by the _____ during swallowing
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The left primary bronchus is formed by the division of the _____.
TRACHEA
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The layer of the digestive tract wall that produces mucus is the
MUCOSA
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The breakdown of food into small particles that can pass through intestinal cells
DIGESTION
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The blood vessels that drain the kidney
RENAL VEIN
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Process by which substances leave convoluted tubule and return to the blood
REABSORBTION
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The presence of this material in the urine results in pyuria
PUS
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The scientific name for the voice box
LARYNX
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The leaf-shaped structure that helps to prevent the entrance of food into the trachea
EPIGLOTTIS
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The only respiratory structures containing specialized capillary beds for external respiration
ALVEOLI
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The process by which oxygen moves from the blood into tissue
INTERNAL RESPERATION
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A lower than normal concentration of oxygen in the tissues
HYPOXIA
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Heavy smoking is often related to the destruction of the _____ of the lungs causing emphysema.
ALVEOLI
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Carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood (into the air) during
EXTERNAL RESPERATION
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The transfer of nutrients into the bloodstream
ABSORPTION
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The breakdown (chemical and mechanical) of food into small particles that can pass through intestine
DIGESTION
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What kind of muscle is found in the muscularis layer of the digestive tract?
SMOOTH
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The section of the small intestine that receives gastric juices and food from the stomach
DOUDENUM
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A blind-ended lymphatic vessel that absorbs fat
LACTEAL
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The chemical that speeds the splitting of food molecules
ENZYME
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The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside
URETHRA
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The word part _____ means kidney
NEPHRO
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A tube connecting the kidney to the bladder
URETER
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The blood vessels (ball of capillaries) connecting the afferent and efferent arteriole
GLOMERULES
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The hormone produced in the kidney that stimulates erythrocyte synthesis by the red bone marrow
ERYTHROPOETIN
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The presence of blood in the urine
HEMATURIA
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Elimination of very large amounts of urine
POLYURIA
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Inflammation of the urinary bladder
CYSTITIS
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Urine does NOT usually contain
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The trachea is held open by c-shaped rings of
CARTILAGE
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Each lobe of the lung is supplied air by a ____ bronchus.
SECONDARY BRONCHUS
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The structure found where the primary bronchi bifurcate from the trachea is the
CARINA
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The layer of the digestive tract wall that is responsible for peristalsis
MUSCULARIS
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The process of chewing
MASTICATION
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The process of swallowing
DEGLUTINATION
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The blood vessels that that feed the kidneys
RENAL ARTERIES
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The presence of this material in the urine results in cylindruria.
CASTS
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_____ (whose name means between white blood cells) are produced by Helper T-cells and stimulate B-Cells (Beta Cells).
INTERLEUKENS
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After being stimulated by interleukins _____ turn into plasma cells
B-CELLS
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Antigens are presented to Helper T-Cells by _____.
MACROPHAGE
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Foreign proteins or pathogens are called _____ when they enter the body.
ANTIGEN
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High levels of _____ stimulate Suppressor T-Cell which stops further antibody production.
ANTIBODY
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This stoppage of further antibody production (see last question) is an example of _____ feedback.
NEGATIVE
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The leukocytes that actually produce the antibodies against the pathogens are called _____.
PLASMA
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What kind of leukocyte remains in the body after the infection is gone?
B-CELL
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What kind of leukocyte ingests antigens?
MACROPHAGE
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The gamete of the male
SPERMATAZOA
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The gamete of the female
OVA
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The gonad of the male
TESTES
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The gonad of the female
OVARIES
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Fringelike extensions that sweep the ovum into the tube
FEMBRILE
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The name of the tube that carries the ovum to the uterus (not uterine tube)
FALLOPIAN TUBE
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Where fertilization usually occurs
FALLOPIAN TUBE
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Scientific term for the process that attaches the embryo to the uterus
IMPLANTATION
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Scientific name for the egg
OVUM
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The fertilized “egg” is called a
ZYGOTE
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Does the umbilical cord belong to the mother, baby, or both?
BABY
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What attaches the umbilical cord to the mother?
PLACENTA
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The cheese-like material that protects the skin of the fetus
VERNIX CASEOSA
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Term for a person who has a recessive gene but does not exhibit the trait
CARRIER
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Is the ovum released directly into the mother’s abdominal cavity?
YES
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Name one difference between the egg of a chicken and the ovum of a woman.
YOKE
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The name of an unborn child that becomes a fetus.
EMBRYO
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The real name for a miscarriage.
SPONTANIOUS ABORTION
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Term for a gene that is always seen (manifested) in the offspring
DOMINANT
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What do you call a gene that must be received from both parents before it is seen (manifested) in the offspring?
RECESIVE
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Term describing any trait (defect) present at birth
CONGENATIVE
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What are the two possible causes of defects present at birth?
GENETIC
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Kind of cell division that forms somatic cells
MIOTIC
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Kind of cell division that forms gametes
TESTOTERONE
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Primary male hormone
TESTOSTERONE
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Do females have testosterone?
YES
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Do males have estrogen?
YES
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Name the two kinds of erectile tissues.
- CORPUS SPONGOSIUM
- CORPORA CAVERNOSUM
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Name of the fluid filled cavity present during the 1st ½ of the menstrual month
GRAAFIAN FOLLICALE
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The solid gland present during the second ½ of the menstrual month
CORPUS LUTEUM
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Term for decreased number of spermatozoa
OLIGAMINORIA
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Term for menstrual flow
MENORRHEA
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Term for excessive flow
MENORRHAGIA
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Term for difficult menses
DYSMENORRHEA
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Term for slight flow
OLIGOMENORRHEA
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Name for the duration of pregnancy, about 40 weeks
GESTATION
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What 5 structures are only present prior to birth?
- PLACENTA
- AMNIOTIC SAC
- UMBILICAL CORD
- YOLK SAC
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What organs of the fetus are not functional prior to birth?
LUNGS
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The “female” chromosome
X
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Name for any change in the genetic code
MUTATION
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Is this change in the genetic code usually a good or bad thing?
BAD
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Are most deleterious (bad) genes dominant or recessive?
RECESIVE
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Which parent’s gametes determine the gender of the child?
FATHER
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Protein synthesis occurs in the _____ of the cell.
RIBOSOME
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The building blocks of proteins are_____.
AMINO ACIDS
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_____ are chemicals that speed up a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction.
CATALYST
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_____ are catalysts made out of proteins.
ENZYMES
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Enzymes are synthesized in the _____ of the cell.
RIBOSOME
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