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Anatomy
The study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts.
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Physiology
The study of the functions of living organisms.
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Dissection
Cutting technique used to separate body parts for study.
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Pathology
The scientific study of disease.
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Organization
The characteristic of the body of being organized, that is, structured in different levels of complexity and coordinated function.
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Disease
Any significant abnormality in the body's structure or function that disrupts a person's vital function or physical, mental, or social well-bring.
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Chemical Level
The level of the body's organization that includes atoms and molecules. The chemical substances that make up the body's structure.
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Cell
The smallest "living" units of structure and function in our bodies.
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Tissues
An organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function. More complex than cells.
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Organs
A group of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that they can act together as a unit to perform a special function. More complex than tissues.
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Systems
An organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged so that they can perform a special function. Most complex units that make up the body.
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Anatomical poistion
The standard neutral reference position for the body used to describe sites or motions of various body parts; gives meaning to directional terms.
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Supine
The body is laying face upward.
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Prone
The body is laying face downward.
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Superior
"Toward the head." "Upper or above."
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Inferior
"Towards the feet." "Lower or below."
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Anterior
"front" or "in front of"
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Posterior
"back" or "in back of"
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Medial
"Towards the midline of the body."
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Ventral
"Toward the belly"
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Lateral
"Toward the side of the body" or "away from its midline"
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Proximal
"toward or nearest the trunk of the body or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts.
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Distal
"Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part.
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Superficial
Nearer the surface.
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Deep
Farther away from the body surface.
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Sagittal Plane
A lengthwise plane running from front to back. It divides the body and any of its parts into right and left sides.
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Frontal Plane (Coronal)
Lengthwise plane running from side to side. Divides the body into posterior and anterior.
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Transverse Plane
Horizontal or crosswise plane. Divides the body into upper and lower portions.
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Ventral Body Cavity
Includes the thoracic cavity (chest), mediastinum, right and left pleural cavities. Lower part includes the abdominal and pelvic cavitiy aka abdominopelvic cavity.
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Diaphragm
Muscular sheet that is the physical partition separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Most important muscle for breathing.
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