chapter 6

thinking, feeling, and behavior will change because of practice or experience.

involuntary learning. Most basic way

a stimulus that does not cause a reaction

ex) doesnt make me react in anyways when im exposed to it.

Creates an automatic response

ex) food

is created by the UCS

• ex) food leads to saliva inside mouth
• jumping when scared

a neutral stimulus that became conditioned

ex) squat car, one knows to slow down.

-learned condition response

ex) see a squat car, slow down

see a needle get scared.

- Stimulus generalization

-Stimulus discrimination

-Extinction

-Reconditioning

-Spontaneous recovery

-Higher Order conditioning

is tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned.

ex) bitten by a dog, now afraid of all dogs.

distinguishing between a similar and specific stimulus.

ex) distinguishing white fluffy things to a rat.

when behavior gets surpressed for awhile

ex) dog goes near the street nothing happens. it goes in street nothing happens.

- re introducing the stimulus.

feelings come back stronger though

- feelings come back out of nowhere for no reason.

ex) guy gets excited when seeing former girlfriend.

taking a neutral stimulus and pairing it to a conditioned behavior

ex) MJ and MJ shoes

voluntary learning based on consequences

increases the likelihood of behavior to occur

decreases the likelihood of the behavior to occur

if one does something and are pleased with consequences, they will do it again.

-satisfies a biological need

- unlearned

ex) food, water, sex)

-non intrinsic

-value learned

ex) money, praise, attention

certain stimuli is added to reinforce

ex) work hard, get paycheck

stimuli is taken away to reinforce behavior

ex) have a headache, took advil to take headache away.

keeps person excited or interested

-fixed ratio

-fixed interval

-variable interval

-variable ratio

reinforcement occurs after a predetermined number of set responses. Ratio is fixed.

ex) car wash employee gets 10 dollars every 3 cars washed

reinforcement occurs after a predetermined time has elapsed, interval time is fixed.

ex) get a bi-weekly check

reinforcement occurs unpredictably. ratio varies

ex) playing the slot machines. Varies on what try you win. can be 1st or 7th.

reinforcement occurs unpredicatbly. interval time varies when it will happen again. slow progress

ex) a gamer checks his email anticipating messages to come at any time

reinforcement by a series of successively improved steps leading to desired response.

ex) driving a stick-shift car.

addition of a stimulus to punish

ex) you must run 4 laps because you were late

taking away something to punish

ex) parents take away cell phone for misbehaving

-passive aggressiveness

-avoidance behavior

-modeling

-learned helplessness

-temporary suppression

-increased aggression

- we tend to control our impulse toward open aggression so we show it in subtle ways.

ex) gossiping

avoiding the punisher

ex) child might hit another kid because its used to seeing thats a way to decrease a behavior from happening.

people will think generally that there is no way out of this cycle.

ex) lady wont run away abuser.

the behavior tends to suppress only when punisher is nearby, but may revert to it when the person is not present.

ex) cop nearby, slows down, then speeds up once its out of sight

creates a vicious aggressive circle environment