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Babosstick
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William the Conqueror
Williams's nickname who became king of England on Christmas day in 1066
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Common law
A legal system based on custom and court rulings
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Jury
Legal group of people sworn to make a decision in a legal case
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King John
Son of Henry II who is clever, cruel, untrustworthy ruler, and lost all of the struggles he had
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Magna Carta
Great charter
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Due process of law
The requirement that the gov act fairly and in accordance w/ established rules in all that it does
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Habeas corpus
Principle that a person can't be held in prison w/out first being charged w/ a specific crime
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Parliament
The legislature of England, and later of Great Britain
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Louis IX
He became king of France and was a deeply religious man who persecuted heretics and Jews for not being Christian
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Holy Roman Empire
Empire of west central Europe from 962 to 1806, comprising present-day Germany and neighboring lands
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Henry IV
He was crowned king of Germany in 1054 and later became holy roman emperor
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Pope Gregory VII
During Henry IV's reign, he was pope. This was also when conflict between monarchs and the church emerged
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Lay investiture
Appointment of bishops by anyone who is not a member of the clergy
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Frederick Barbarossa
Real name: Frederick I and a.k.a "Red Beard" dreamed of building an empire from the Baltic to the Adriatic
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Pope Innocent III
He took office in 1198 and claimed supremacy over all other rulers
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Crusades
A series of wars from the 1000's-1200s in which European Christians tried to win control of the holy land from the Muslims
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Holy land
Jerusalem and other places in Palestine where Christians believe Jesus had lived and preached
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Pope Urban II
He was asked by the Byzantine emperor Alexius I for Christian knights to help him fight Muslim Turks & even though there was many rivals between Roman popes & Byzantine emperors he agreed
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Reconquista
During the 1400s the campaign by European Christians to drive the Muslims from present-day Spain
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Ferdinand and Isabella
Were married & used their combined forces to make a final push against the Muslim stronghold of Granada & in 1492 Granada fell & the Reconquista was complete
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Inquisition
A church court setup to try ppl of accused of heresy
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Scholasticism
In medieval Europe the school of thought that used logic & reason to support Christian belief
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Thomas Aquinas
He wrote Summa theologica where he concluded that faith and reason exist in harmony
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Vernacular
Everyday languages of ordinary ppl such as French, German, & Italian
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Dante Alighieri
He was an Italian poet who wrote the Divine Comedy in the 1300s which talks about heaven and hell
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Geoffrey Chaucer
An English writer who wrote the Canterbury Tales which describes a band of pilgrims traveling to saint Thomas Becket's tomb
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Gothic style
Type of European architecture that developed in the middle ages characterized by flying buttresses, ribbed vaulting, thin walls, & high roofs
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Flying buttresses
Stone supports that stood outside the church
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Illumination
The artistic decoration of books and manuscripts
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Black death
An epidemic of the bubonic plague that ravaged Europe in the 1300s
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Epidemic
Outbreak of rapid-spreading disease
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Schism
Permanent division in a church
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Longbow
Six-foot-long bow that could rapidly fire arrows w/ enough force to pierce most armor
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