Jeopardy

Examples of these fluides include:
Cerebrospinal
Pericardial
Pancreatic
Pleural
Synovial

This fluid loss occurs throught the skin and lungs
Not usually detectable and cannot be measured
Normally accounts for 300-400mL of fluid loss/day

Total serum calcium over 10.5 mg/dL
May be due to prolonged immobilization
S/S: lethargy, weakness, anorexia, constipation, polyuria

Abnormal labs related to Respiratory Alkalosis

The movement of water across cell membranes from the less concentrated to the more concentrated solution

Most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid
Found in most body secretions
Usually accompanies water imbalances

Primary regulator of fluid intake
Located in the hypothalamus
Osmotic pressure, vascular volume, and angiotensin trigger it

Water is drawn out of the vascular compartment into interstitial tissues and cells
S/S: lethargy, confusion, weakness, muscle twitching, cramping, headache, seizures, coma

Normal serum levels: 135-145 mEq/L

Major cation in intracellular fluid
Vital electrolite for skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle activity
Maintains acid base balance
Normal levels: 3.5-5 mEq/L

Body retains both water and sodium
Edema may be present
Weight gain
Fluid intake greater than output

Cardiac dysrhythmia
Muscle weakness and cramps
Anorexia, n/v, fatigue, lethargy
Weak irregular pulse
Serum levels < 3.5

Normal total serum levels:
8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL
Normal ionized serum levels:
4 - 5 mg/dL

Avocados, carrots, spinach, tomato, potato
Dried fruits, bananas, apricot, orange, cantaloupe
Beef, cod, pork, veal
Milk, OJ, apricot nectar

Water is drawn into the vascular compartment from the interstitial cells
May be due to decreased thirst mechanism, hyperventilation, fever or insufficient water intake

Thirsty, dry and sticky membranes, weakness
Red, dry, swollen tongue
Serum levels > 145 mEq/L

Examples of these foods:
Sugars
Cereal and breads
Vegetables

A person categorized by having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of >30 kg/m2

These include:
C, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12

30-50 million Americans have this condition in which they have an inability to break down the sugar in milk

These organic substances are greasy and insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol or ether

These may alter the appetite, distub taste perception, or interfere with nutrient absorption or excretion

Examples of these foods are:
Eggs
Poultry
Fish
Meat

It is recommended to limit your intake of this element to less than 2,300 mg/day

May be caused by the ingestion of too many antacids
Happens after prolonged vomiting
Respirations are slow and shallow

Acute lung conditions that impair alveolar gas exchange
Overdose of narcotics or sedatives
Chronic lung disease
Airway obstruction

pH < 7.35
CO2 > 45
HCO3 normal or slightly elevated

Often results from hyperventilation
May also be caused by fever and respiratory infections
Complains of SOB, numbness & tingling of extremities
Light-headed and blurred vision

Renal impairment
Diabetes
Prolonged diarrhea
Cardiac arrest

pH > 7.45
CO2 < 35

Bicarb is low
May develop in renal failure or starvation
Headache, weakness, lethargy, confusion, n/v
Deep, rapid respirations

Vomiting, gastric suction
Increased use of diuretics
Excessive bicarb intake
Cushing's Syndrome

pH > 7.45
PaCO2 > 45
HCO3 > 26

Hypoventilation & CO2 retention can cause this
Asthma and COPD are common causes
Anesthesia or narcotic overdose can cause this

Fever
Brain stem injury
Hyperventilation due to: anxiety, increased body temp, hypoxia

pH < 7.35
CO2 < 38
HCO3 < 22

This category of meds effects nutrition by possibly causing Ca+ and Na+ depletion
Some also decrease absorption of vitamins A, D, E, K

The pH of the aspirated fluid from a gastric tube should have this measurement or lower

These drugs are antagonists to dopamine, histamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine which are associated with vomiting

This type of sleep aid should not be used for longer than 3-4 weeks because it suppresses stage 4 of NREM sleep

S/S include:
Decreased peripheral pulses
Pale skin color
Cool extremities
Decreased hair distribution

Infects 1/3 of the world's population
Fever, worsening cough, night sweats, weight loss

INH (isoniazide)
Rifampin (RIF)
PZH (pirazinamide)
Streptomycin or Ethanbutol

Most common cause of impaired blood flow
Vessels narrow and become constricted
Coronary arteries are most effected