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Functions of Water
- 1. Aqueous environment for chemical reactions
- 2. Fluid for transport of nutrients and waste
- 3. Helps control body temperature
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Water leaves the body through.....
- 1. the skin
- 2. the lungs
- 3. urine
- 4. fecal elimination
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Body water is divided into two major comparatments
1. Water outside the cell
2. Water inside the cell
- 1. Extracellular fluid compartment: blood, plasma, interstital fluid
- 2. Intracellular fluid compartment:
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Hormones that influence on water balance
Hormones that deal with water volume in the body/water regulation level
- 1. Antidiuretic hormone
- 2. Aldosterone
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Kidney is the main site of water balance regulation
Water re-absorption does also occur, however, in the colon
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Cultural identity
- Culture is broadly defined as the values, beliefs, attitudes, and practices accepted by members of a group or community
- Culture is passed from generation to generation and learned gradually as a child grows up within the community
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Psychological influences
- 1. Basic physiologic needs: hunger and thirst
- 2. Need for safety: physical comfort, security, and protection
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_________ of American family food dollar is spent for food consumed ________
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Changing American food patterns
- 1. Families eat fewer meals together
- 2. Children make their own meals
- 3. 1/2 of $ food = away from home
- 4. Emphasis on Convenience Meals
- 5. The Grazers
- 6. Eating as a Family
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Exaggerated food claims
- 1. Certain food will cure diseases
- 2. Certain foods are harmful and should be avoided
- 3. Certain food combinations have special therapeutic effects
- 4. Only natural foods can meet body needs and prevent disease
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Biotechnolgy
- the field of science involved with gene technology
- ---allows us to add or remove a gene from the deoxyribonucleic
- the manipulation of organisms at the molecular level
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Two biotech applications that provide examples of teh biosafety review process
- 1. Bovine growth hormone: genetically modified to grow bigger and produce more
- 2. Genetically modified plants: resistance to herbicides
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Genetically modified food plants
- introduced in the early 1990s
- 6 million farmers in 16 countries
- reason USA produces more than any other country
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Goals of genetic modification
- 1. increased resistance to disease and insects
- 2. increased tolerance to weather conditions
- 3. increased nutritional value
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Three major concerns of public groups
- 1. Risk of allergic reactions
- 2. Potential toxicity to humans
- 3. Potential danger to the environment
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USDA-the US Department of Agriculture
Meat and Poulty
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FDA-Food and Drug Administration
- Drugs and make-up
- All foods except meat and poultry
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FDA and USDA work with the Environmental Protection agency (EPA) to ensure that pesticide residues do not exceed tolerance standards
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FDA's control over food and drug ingredients began in ____
1938
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Steps needed to ensure costomer safety are new since _____
1990s
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Pollution and waste
- The FDA monitors the mercury content of ocean and farm raised fish sold in US
- Mercury-heavy metal
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