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Ideas of arcadian environmentalists; Example
Preserving nature in its prestine form, ambivalent or hostile to modern civilization; John Muir
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Ideas of utilitarian environmentalists; Example
Efficient use of natural resources, welcome advances in science and techonology; Teddy Roosevelt
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What happened in the early conservation era?
Concern over resource use, preservation of public lands, public health intiatives, environmental restoration projects
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Beginning of a new environmental era:
See the earth from space, science of Ecology, anti-environmentalism, broader environmental awareness
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Has the earth's climate ever changed significantly before? If so, give an example.
Yes, the Ice Age
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What is the most important human activity other than burning fossil fuels that affects climate change?
Deforestation, because plants and trees convert CO2 to oxygen. “Carbon Sequestration”
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List three solutions to climate change in “Toward a Hydrogen Economy”
Efficient vehicles, efficient buildings, and reducing amount of vehicles
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Ocean acidification is a direct threat to marine organisms (like foraminifera) that have [], an indirect threat to all marine organisms because of connections in the [], and a special threat to [], a marine ecosystem that harbors more
Shells, food web, coral reefs
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CO2 dissolves in water and combines with H20 to form carbonic acid, which immediately splits into H+ and bicarbonate ions. The H+ then combines with carbonate ions, leaving less carbonate for:
Calcium carbonate - seashells
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What is Garrett Hardin’s solution to the tragedy of the commons?
Privatize the commons and community management
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Explain Adam Smith's invisible hand:
People acting in their own self-interest will find the best solution for everyone. This is not always true though (leads to externalities and Tragedy of the Commons).
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How can over-fishing be solved?
ITQs = indivisual transferrable quotas
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Bioaccumulation
Acculumation of toxins by predation
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NGO
Non-governmental Organization - non profit in another country
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Impervious surface
Non-penetrable surface
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Evapotranspiration
Rate of how much water is let out of plants/ground
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Negative externality
Economic transaction, something that happens indirectly, negatively in the transaction
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Total fertility rate
Average amount of live births a woman will have in reproductive years
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Net primary productivity
Earth's production of biomass - use of biomass
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Peak oil
The maximum rate of production for oil
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Ecosystem
Community of biodiversity fuctioning as an interdependent unit in a given area
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Ecosystem service
Service that the ecosystem provides for our survival
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Define biodiversity and give two examples of the value of biodiversity
Difference in the characters and quality of life; Resiliency, diversity helps keep a species going.
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Types of biodiversity
Genes, species, ecosystems
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HIPPO- what does it stand for and what is it?
Habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, population growth, human comsumption; Why species loss is occuring
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Sustainable
Meeting our present needs without compromising the needs of the future generation
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Growth rate equation
(Birth rate+immigration) + (Death rate+emigration)
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How do you decrease TFR-total fertility rate of a nation?
Birth control, woman's education
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Thailand vs China - TFR
- China- one child policy, birth control
- Thailand- humor to promote family planning
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Paul Erlich and Julian Simon's position on over-population
- PE = Population graph will level off this century
- JS = Growth is good - more geniuses=more technology
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Environmental footprint
The number of earths it takes to sustain your way of life
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Biological species concept
Population of natural species that interbreeds under natural conditions
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What determines a species?
Appearances, viable offspring, live in the same area
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Increasing life expectancy and decreasing death rate
Better health care and nutrition, safe water
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I=PAT
Environmental impacts = (population size)(affluence)(technology)
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Gross domestic product
Value of all goods and services produced within one country in one year
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Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare
Measures economic activity in context of environmental cost
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Genuine Progress Indicator
As above but includes measures such as cost of crime and the breakdown of families
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Species richness
Number of species present in an area
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Species evenness
Relative frequency of each species found
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Principle of biodiversity
Richest near the equator, not evenly distributed across the earth, critical to human well being and survival
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