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Monotheistic religion of the Jews based on Torah; Jews believe that they are God's Chosen People meant to live a holy and ethical life
Judaism
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Standard or set of norms established for behavior
Normative
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Desirable middle between two extremes, between excess and inadequacy as defined by Aristotle
The Golden Mean
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Islamic religious law
Sharia
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The right or wrong of an action, decision, or way of living
Morality
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Early Egyptian texts that described the proper conduct needed for a happy afterlife
Book of the Dead
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Monotheistic religion based on the Qur'an and teaching that there is only one God and that Mohammed is his prophet
Islam
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Hindu religious community that emphasizes choice in worship of the manifestations of God and emphasizes the teachings of Vedic texts
Smartism
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The quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong
Virtue
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Rabbinic religious law
halakhah
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ethical system that emphasizes fidelity to principle and duty over the consequences of a moral action
Duty-Driven Ethics
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Dominant religion of INdia based on worship of many gods, including Brahma, and the teachings of the Vedas and the Bhagavad Gita
Hinduism
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The path of the morally enlightened individual in Daoist teaching
The Way
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Ethical system that emphasizes moral character and development of the virtues as a basis for moral action
virtue Ethics
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The belief that the good and evil a person does will return either in this life or in a later one
Karma
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Ancient Hindu religion which emphasizes harmlessness (nonviolence) and renunciation
Jainism
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Christian precept: do to others what you would have them do to you
Golden Rule
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Study of the moral values of an individual, group, or culture
ethics
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Buddhist teaching on four truths regarding suffering
Four Noble Truths
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Philosophical system based on the teachings of Indian spiritual leader Mahatma Gandhi which stresses nonviolent resistance to evil
Gandhianism
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Those traits of character or admirable properties allowing humans to achieve a virtuous life
the Virtues
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Philosophical system based on the teachings of Lao-tzu; followers seek the "way" which they believe governs the universe
Daoism
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confucian texts that dealt with the proper functioning of society, government and religion as well as offering a compilation of ancient Chinese literature
Five Classics
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Key relationship in Confucianism
Five Great Relationships
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Indian religion that separated from Hinduism in the 15th and 16th centuries; Sikhs believe in one God and the teachings found in their holy scripture, Guru Granth Sahib
sikhism
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Philosophical system based on the teachings of Confucius, stressing moral order and harmony in thought and conduct
Confucianism
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Vows of non-violence, truth-telling, non-stealing, celibacy, and detachment undertaken by ascetics in Jainism
Five Great vows
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Buddhist teaching of 9 practices: right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration
Noble Eightfold Path
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Formal Islamic prayer performed by Muslims 5x a day
salat
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Islamic duties of observing creed, praying, charity to poor, fasting during Ramadan, making pilgrimage to Mecca
Five Pillars
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religion originated in India by Siddhartha Gautama, seek the path to enlightment thru physical and spiritual discipline
Buddhism
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Ancient Chinese texts that outlined basic system of Confucian thought
Four Books
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Principle of non-violence; an important tenet of Hinduism, jainism, and Buddhism
Ahisma
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monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus christ who is considered humanity's savior
Christianity
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Moral rules given by God to prophet Moses, according to Hebrew Bible
ten commandments
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Major religous epic of ancient India and a major text of Hinduism
Mahabharata
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Platos virtues: temperance, courage, reason, justice
Platonic Virtues
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the belief that a soul can be reborn into a new body after death
Reincarnation
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Platos concept that there are ideal essences of objects or things
The Forms
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Ethical system that judges a moral action by its outcomes or results
consequentialism
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holy text of Islam
Qur'an
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Ancient Hindu sacred writings
Vedas
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Epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia that recounts legends and myths about the hero-king Gilgamesh
Epic of Gilgamesh
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Legal code established by the 6th Babylonian king, Hammurabi, that covered civil, criminal, and commercial law
code of Hammurabi
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Pursuit of pleasure as a matter of ethical principle
Hedonism
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Philosophic approach where morality is whatever God command
Divine Command theory
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