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Kantian term for an absolute and universal moral demand or obligation founded on reasoning
Categorical Imperative
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Philosophical movement that emphasizes women's moral experience and feminist thought which, it argues, has been ignored or devalued by traditional ethical systems
Feminist Ethics
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The capacity to impose moral law on oneself
Moral Autonomy
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Philosophic theory that ideas are insturments of response and adaptation to a given situation, and that their truth is to be judged in terms of their effectiveness
Instrumentalism
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Ethical theory that the greatest good for the greatest number should be the only criterion for moral decisions
Utilitarianism
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Political philosophy which emphasizes personal and individual liberty above collective social interests
LIbertarianism
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Principle that people should be treated in the same way unless there is a relevant difference between them
Principle of Equal treatment
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theory that people should give up some of their natural rights to a government in exchange for social order
Social Contract Theory
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Ethical system that judges a moral action by its outcomes or results
Consequentialism
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Mental device to enable individuals to develop a standard of justice while remaining ignorant of their own place in or value in this imagined society
Veil of Ignorance
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Philosophical doctrine that says all knowledge is derived from our senses
Empiricism
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Kierkegaard's notion that belief in god requires us to overcome any rational doubts and embrace faith
Leap of Faith
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View that morality is culturally determined and consquently there is no objective moral rule or law that is universally correct
Cultural Relativism
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Acting for the sake of others, even when it means sacrificing self-interest
Altruism
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PHilosophical movement that emphasizes personal experience, choice, freedom, and responsibility and sees the individual as a moral free agent
Existentialism
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Theory that the truth or meaning of an idea or a proposition lies in its observable practical consequences
Pragmatism
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Ethical system that emphasizes fidelity to principle and duty over the consequences of a moral action
duty-driven ethic
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Philosophical belief that acting in your own self-interest is moral
ethical egoism
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Descriptive theory that argues that humans naturally pursue whatever aligns with their best self-interest
Psychological Egoism
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Common values or ethical beliefs required for a society or community to survive and function that apply across all cultures
Universal Values
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Kantian term for actions conditioned on some goal or desire
Hypothetical imperatives
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