The flashcards below were created by user
brideout
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
BWTE
- Large dark bill
- Dark eye line
- White eye arcs
- White facial crescent
- Male white hip patch
-
GWTE
- Small dark thin bill
- Buffy undertail streak
- Smallest dabbling duck
-
GADW
- Thin bill with orange edges
- Plain face
- White secondaries visible
- Yellow legs
-
EUWI vs AMWI
- Female warmer head
- Grayer back
- Male dark rufous head
- Pale gray back
-
COGO vs BAGO
- F: mostly black vs yellow bill
- M: 1st winter almost same
- M: Round vs crescent patch
- Mostly white vs spotted back
- No dark shoulder spur
-
SUSC vs WWSC
- F SUSC: vertical face patch
- F WWSC: Oval face patch
- White secondaries
- M: White comma below eye
-
RTLO
- Basic: White face and neck
- White speckling on back
-
PALO
- Basic: Straight neck border
- Chin strap
- Alt: Pale grey nape
- White patches on back
-
COLO
- Basic: Jagged neck margin
- Alt: Black head, bill
- White checkering on back
- Big feet
-
HOGR
- White cheek
- Usually white neck
- Flat-topped head
- Thicker neck than EAGR
-
EAGR
- Dark cheek (auriculars)
- Usually dusky neck
- Thin neck
- Slender upturned bill
- Head peak over eye
-
WEGR
- Dull yellow-olive bill
- Dark around eye
- Thicker neck stripe
-
CLGR
- Bright yellow to orange bill
- White around eye
- Thin neck stripe
-
BLSP
- Large, black, forked tail
- Deep wing beats, long glides
- Direct leisurely flight
-
LSTP
- Tiny, dark, wedge-shaped tail
- Flight like BLSP, but bat-like
- Deep quick wing beats
-
LESP
- Medium sized, forked tail
- Erratic hanging flight
- White rump longer than wide
- Less fluttery than WISP
-
WISP
- Square to notched tail
- Feet extend past tail
- Fast swallow-like flight
- White rump wraps to vent
- Smaller than LESP
- Wing molt Apr-Aug in Calif
-
ASSP
- Medium sized, dark
- Forked tail
- Distinct butterfly-like flight
- Wings not above horizontal
-
FTSP
- Only gray storm petrel
- Flight less erratic than LESP
- Shallow wing beats
- Basic phalarope similar
-
WRSP
- Robust Oceanodroma
- Broad white rump
- Flight erratic, bat-like
- Quick deep wing beats
- Little gliding
- Pale upper wing crescent
-
BULS
- Long wedge-shaped tail
- Gray above with dark M
- All white underwing
- Leisurely flight
- Cap and tail darker than back
-
WTSH
- Like BULS but dark underwing border
- Dark morph is all dark below
-
MASH
- Like BVSH but black above
- White undertail diagnostic
- White wraps around ear
-
BRBO
- Dark above
- White below with dark pp, ss
- Juv: All dark; pale axillaries
- Dark belly
-
BFBO
- Ad: Pale head, gray bill
- Dark mantle & wings
- White rump
- White belly to axillaries
- Mostly dark underwing
- Juv: Dark above, white belly
- Tail pale above, dark below
-
RFBO
- Ad: White with black remiges
- Dark Ad: Brown replaces white except on tail
- Juv: All dark underwing
- Pale belly
-
MABO
- Ad: Like RFBO but tail white
- Juv: Like BRBO but white collar and dark pp only
-
RBTR
- Black leading wing edge
- Finely barred back
- Black eye stripe circles nape
- White below
- Juv: Yellow bill
-
WTTR
- Black pp
- Broken black M above
- Yellowish bill
- Short grayish eyeline
- Coarsely barred back
- Atlantic only
-
RTTR
- Mostly white
- Red bill and tail streamers
- Black pp shafts
- Juv: Like RBTR juv but with less black in pp and no collar
-
NECO
- Dark lores (not yellow)
- Dark brown breast
- Small head, short bill
- Breeding: White V on chin
- Tail as long as neck
-
AMBI
- Large and heavy bodied
- Bold brown stripes on neck
- Dark pp and ss, pale coverts
- Wings pointed vs BCNH
- Dark malar, yellow bill
-
LEBI
- Smallest heron
- Dark pp and ss, buffy coverts
- Dark cap
- White stripes sides of back
- Fainter neck stripes
-
REEG
- Reddish neck
- Pink bill with black tip
- Slate gray body
- Gray-blue legs
- Juv: pale chalky gray overall
- Grayish bill
- White morph has same bill
-
TRHE
- Blue-gray neck
- White belly diagnostic
- Long gray bill with black tip
- Yellow to brown legs
- Juv: Reddish neck
- Yellowish bill
- Yellow legs
-
LBHE
- Blue-gray with green legs
- Slight reddish tint to head
- Bluish dark-tipped bill
- Juv: White with gray bill
- Dull green legs
- Bill gray, green, or pink
- Small dark pp tips
-
CAEG
- Short yellow bill, stocky neck
- Buffy patches in breeding
- Short legs
- Walks with bobbing head
- Juv: Black bill and legs
-
GRHE
- Green body
- Dark rufous neck
- Dark cap with slight crest
- Dark greenish body
- Yellow-green to orange legs
- Juv: Thick neck streaks
- Upper bill dark, lower yellow
-
BCNH
- Juv: Broad neck streaks
- Yellowish bill with dark tip
- White spots on wing coverts
- Short yellowish legs
-
YCNH
- Juv: Narrow sharp streaks
- Tiny white spots on wings
- Thick dark bill
-
WFIB
- Iris red by February
- White border to reddish face
- Gray bill
- Adult has bright red legs
- Juv has dark brown legs
- Paler below than GLIB
-
GLIB
- Dark iris
- Pale outline to dark face
- Brownish bill
- Darker below than WFIB
-
TRUS
- Bill always black at base
- Pointed forehead border
- Gray-brown back
-
TUSW
- Usually yellow lores
- Rounded forehead border
- Juv: Gray-brown
- Pink bill base
-
CANG
- Aleutian white neck ring
- Dark breast
- Cackling tiny bill
- Dark breast
- Round head, short neck
- Richardson's pale breast
- Intermediate bill
-
GWFG
- White front of face
- Pinkish bill
- Bright orange legs
- Juv: Drab yellowish bill
- Dark face
-
ROGO
- Small with tiny bill
- Small grin patch on bill
- Always white wing coverts
- Black and white or all white
- Clean white head
-
SNGO
- Large grin patch on bill
- Dark form with white head
- All white form
- Slight rusty tinge on head
- All dark juv with dark bill
-
HASH
- White UT coverts & tail tip
- Rufous shoulders
- Long tail, broad wings
-
ZTHA
- Broad white band mid-tail
- Two gray bars on upper tail
- White-barred remiges
- Yellow feet & cere
- Juv: Thin pale bars on tail
-
BWHA
- Smallest buteo
- Short tail
- Like small RTHA
- Dark and light forms
- One white tail band
-
SWHA
- Most slender buteo
- Light, intermed, dark forms
- Dark remiges
- Dark upper chest
- Dihedral wings when soaring
-
FEHA
- Large buteo
- Dark leg feathering
- White remiges below
- White patch on upper pp
- Rare dark morph
-
RLHA
- Dark wrist patch and belly
- Usually pale head
- Light form white rump above
- Dark terminal tail band
- Dark Ad like ZTHA but with white pp below
-
CLRA
- Large, long neck & bill
- Heavy bill
- Orange cheeks
-
VIRA
- Small with long orange bill
- Gray cheeks
- More contrasty flank stripes
-
AGPL
- Smaller than BBPL
- Small bill
- Darker cap
- Brighter supercilium
- Long pp projection
- Gray underwing
-
WATA
- Short yellow legs
- Med straight bill
- Long nasal groove
- Bill gray with dark tip
- Heavily barred below in Alt
- Bobs
-
SURF
- Stocky with short yellow legs
- Short stout bill
- Gray back and breast
- Finely spotted below
-
REKN
- Large, sturdy, short dark legs
- Shortish, straight stout bill
- Gray back with fine scales
- Gray breast
- White flanks with dark bars
-
SAND
- Larger than peeps
- White below
- Black leading wing edge
- Broad white wing stripe
- Juvenile speckled above
-
DUNL
- Stocky with long droopy bill
- Dull brown with brown breast
- Dark legs
- Juv rare S of breeding
-
CUSA
- Like an elegant DUNL
- Longer legs, wings, neck
- Dark rufous chest in Alt
- Pale breast in Basic
- Brighter supercilium
-
PESA
- Like a large LESA
- Longer winged
- Streaked breast in all
-
BASA
- Slender with long wings
- Thin straight bill
- Steep forehead
- Juv: Buffy breastband
- Ad: Pale gray breastband
- White loral spot
-
WESA
- Ad Alt: Rufous scapulars
- Spotted breast
- Basic: Gray above
- Pale breast
- Juv: Rufous upper scapulars
- Black anchors lower scaps
- Longer legs than SESA
- Wades deeper
-
SESA
- Alt Ad: gray-brown
- Speckled breast
- Short straight bill
- Ad Basic: Gray, pale breast
- Juv: Scaly above, not rufous
- Dark cap
- Dingy breast
-
LESA
- Very small
- Drooping fine tipped bill
- Ad Alt: Browner than WESA
- Brown breast
- Ad Basic: Gray-brown
- Gray-brown breastband
- Juv: Bright rufous above
- Greenish legs unique
-
SBDO v LBDO
- Ad Alt: White belly v rufous
- Flank stripes bolder
- Short vs long black tail bands
- Juv: Tertial pattern v none
-
Doves
- WWDO: White wing edge, blue orbital ring, black cheek comma.
- SPDO: Juv w/o spotted neck.
- INDO: Small, scaly pattern.
- RGDO: Narrow black marks on scaps and tertials
- CGDO: Dark tertial marks, clean scaps, pink or red-based bill.
-
COPO
- Large head
- Short wings and tail
- White tail corners
-
LENI v CONI
- Bar near wingtip v pp base
- Buffy spots on remiges v not
-
VASW
- Short wings and tail
- Paler rump than CHSW
- Quicker wingbeats
- Deeper flaps than CHSW
- Paler throat
-
CHSW v VASW
- Longer wings and tail
- Darker rump
- Darker below
- Narrow-based wings
- Glides more
-
BLSW
- Largest, all black
- Broad-based wings
- Slow shallow wingbeats
- Notched tail when closed
- (Ad male only)
-
RBSA
- Red head
- White partial subocular stripe
- Less white on back
- No black on breast or crown
-
RNSA
- Nape us. red, occas. white
- White chin, occas. all red
- Red throat, black below only
- White back marks in 2 rows
- Subocular stripe joins belly
- White supercilium
- Intermed btwn RBSA-YBSA
-
YBSA
- Like RNSA
- F: White throat
- M: Red throat, black border
- Nape usually white
- Juv: Paler head than RNSA
-
NOFL
- Yellow-shafted: Yellow underwing, brown face and throat, black malar.
- Red-shafted: Red underwing, gray face and throat, red malar.
-
OSFL
- Large, long wings, short tail
- Dark vest
- White throat
- Large bill, lower base pale
- No wingbars
- Juv: White on lateral rump
-
WWPE
- Long pp projection
- Short tail
- Dusky vest
- Med bill, lower base pale
- Weak eyerings & wingbars
- Does not flick tail
-
WIFL
- Large, flat forehead
- Shortish pp projection
- Long broad tail & bill
- Whitish throat curls up
- Buffy wingbars
-
LEFL
- Small, but with large head
- Short pp
- Short mostly pale bill
- Short narrow tail
- Bold complete eyering
- Juv: Fresh buffy wingbars
-
HAFL
- Small, but long pp
- Short tail
- Tiny dark bill
- Dusky vest
- Slight crest
-
DUFL
- Like HAFL, but:
- Not as compact
- Shorter wings, longer tail
- Longer bill
- Rounder head
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GRFL
- Large, long narrow bill
- Short pp projection
- Long tail, bobs down gently
- Pale loral and forehead bar
- Weak wingbars and tertials
-
DCFL
- Like ATFL, but:
- +/- no rufous under tail
- Brighter yellow below
- Rufous edges on ss
- Almost no wingbars
- Juv: Rufous tail edges
-
ATFL
- Whitish wingbars
- White edges on ss
- Rufous undertail w/ dark tip
- Juv: Dark tip lacking
-
GRVI
- Like PLVI but weak marks
- One weak wingbar
- Faint spectacles
- Raises and flips tail
-
REVI
- Dark cap, long flat head
- Supercilium w/ dark border
- Green back
- White breast
- Pale yellow flanks & UTC
- Red eye hard to see
-
YGVI
- Gray cap
- No dark eyeline border
- Yellowish cheeks
- Bright yellow flanks & UTC
- Large pale bill
- Duller red eye
-
PHVI
- Like WAVI but:
- Dark lores
- Brightest yellow throat center
- Darker remiges
- Short tail
-
WEVI
- Yellow spectacles
- White iris unique
- Gray collar
- Pale yellow flanks & UTC
- Dark wings, white wingbars
- Juv: Dark iris until winter
-
YTVI
- Yellow-green head
- Yellow spectacles
- Gray back
- White wing bars
- Bright yellow throat
- White belly and UTC
- Short tail
-
CAVI
- Gray head, greenish back
- Greenish edges on ss
- Yellowish flanks
- White UTC
-
PLVI
- Like CAVI but no yellow
- Gray ss edges
- Gray back
- Sl larger and larger billed
-
BHVI
Like CAVI but darker head
-
PUMA
- Larger thsn swallows
- Longer wings
- Slower wingbeats
- Confused with EUST
- F/Juv: Gray collar & below
-
NRWS
- Short square tail
- Broad wings
- Remiges with pale bases
-
BANS v TRES
- Chestband darker
- Forehead pale
- More slender wings
- Long slender tail
-
CASW v CLSW
- Pale v dark throat
- Dark forehead
-
BARS
- Dark remiges
- Pale UW coverts
- Dark throat
- Juv: White band across tail
-
CAGN v BGGN
- Gray v white tertial edges
- Black v white undertail
-
TOSO
- Gray overall
- White eyering
- Intricate wing pattern
- Juv: Scaly pattern overall
-
MOBL v WEBL
- Thinner bill
- Black v yellow gape
-
SATH
- Short straight bill
- Yellowish iris
- Streaked below
- Thin white wingbars
-
RTPI v AMPI
- Streaks on back v not
- Pale v dark legs
- Weak v strong eyeline
-
SPPI
- Unstreaked flanks
- Blank face
- Dark streaked crown
- Pale legs
-
BOWA v CEDW
- White v black ss tips
- Yellow v black pp edges
- Rufous v brown face
- Gray v brown belly
-
HETA
- Stout dark bill
- F: orangish
- Gray auriculars and flanks
- M: Red overall
- Brightest on crown & throat
- Dusky auriculars
-
SUTA
- Long thick bill
- F: Yellow-green
- Dark olive-brown wings
- M: Completely red
- Slight crest
-
WETA
- Yellow over white wingbars
- F: Gray back
- Short orangish bill
- M: Yellow with black wings
- Red head
- Darker bill
-
SCTA
- Shortish gray bill
- F: Green back
- Yellow-green below
- Darkish wings
- M: Alt red with black wings
- Basic like F with black wings
-
RBGR vs BHGR
- M: Pale bill v bicolor gray
- White v brown belly & rump
- F/J: Coarse breast streaks
- FFM like BHGR F
- Buffy v yellow underwing
-
INBU v LAZB
- Warmer tones
- F with faint streaks below
- No wingbars
- Contrasting white throat
-
PABU
- F & juv M green above
- Yellowish below
- Ad M: blue head red body
- Green back, dark wings
-
DICK
- Short & stocky like HOSP
- Longish pale gray bill
- Long white-yellow eyestripe
- Gray nape
- Yellowish breast
- Bold back stripes
- Alt M: Rufous shoulders
- Black neck V
-
BRSP
- Small sparrow
- Very small pinkish bill
- Dull gray-brown overall
- Weak facial marks
- Grayish auricular (CCSP brown)
- Thin complete eyering
- Indistinct crown stripe
- Faint nape streaks
- Juv streaked below
-
CCSP v CHSP
- Bold buffy eyeline
- Distinct white malar & chin
- Clean gray nape
- Clean buffy below
- Pale lores
- Brown rump
- CHSP larger, larger billed
- Weaker throat marks
- Gray rump
-
VESP
- White eyering
- Dark, pale centered auricular
- Rufous shoulder patch
- (usually hidden)
-
LARB
- Large head
- Large bluish bill
- Thick lat throat stripe
- Messy streaks below
- White greater coverts
-
DEJU pink sided
- Pale gray hood
- Dark lores
- Pinkish flanks
- Dull brown back
-
CRMU v XAMU
- Darker above
- Longer shoulder patch
- Grayish underwing
- Black chin
-
ANMU
- White neck notch
- Gray back
- White underwing
- Gray flanks & axillaries
- Small pale bill
-
MAMU v ANMU
- Black shoulder patch
- White scapulars
- White on rump sides
- Dark underwing
- Slender dark bill
- Like XAMU but:
- White cheek wraps neck
- White scapular patch
-
MCLO
- Stocky, short tail
- Large head
- Plain face
- Broad supercilium
- Large pinkish bill
- Rufous median coverts
- FFF: Unstreaked breastband
-
CCLO
- Small with small gray bill
- Dark auricular rim
- Dark median coverts
- FFF: Blurry breast streaks
- M alt: Chestnut collar
-
LALO
- Long wings, stout pink bill
- Dark auricular rim
- Bold supercilium
- Rufous greater coverts
- Broad flank streaks
- M alt: Dark breastband
- FFF: Buffy breastband
-
SMLO
- Like LALO but:
- Buffy below
- Longer tail
- Thinner bill
- Greater coverts brown
-
SNBU
- Black & buffy back
- Buffy cheek patch
- Large white wing patch
- Black wingtips
- White below
- Buffy shoulder notch/band
- Small bill
-
BOBO
- Yellow-buff overall
- Bold back stripes
- Plain nape
- Thin flank streaks
- Dark cap
- Pink bill
-
BROC
- Red eye distinctive
- Ad M: Blk body, blue wings
- Ad F: Dull gray w/ dark wings
- Juv: Like F but brown eye
-
BRBL
- Ad M: Glossy, white iris
- F/Juv: Gray-brown, drk eye
-
RUBL
- M & F alt: Dark eye patch
- Pale yellow iris
- Buffy rufous pattern
- Rufous edged tertials
- RUBL v BRBL
- Shorter tail, thinner bill
- Slightly decurved bill
-
COGR
- Smallest grackle
- Variegated iridescence
- Pale eye
- Bluish head
-
BUOR
- Long straight bill
- M: Black tail tip
- Large white wingbar
- F: Pale belly, gray back
- Yellow brightest on cheek
-
BAOR
- Like BUOR but smaller
- F: Yellow brightest on breast
- M: Black hood
- Rust & white wingbars
- Orange tail corners
- Straight medium length bill
-
HOOR
- Lanky
- Long decurved bill
- Long tail
- F: Gray back, yellow belly
- Pale edged coverts
- M: Pale edges on back ff
-
OROR
- Like HOOR but smaller
- Short straight bill
- F: Brighter wingbars
- M: Chestnut body
- Black back & hood
-
SCOR
- Large
- Pointy decurved bill
- M: Black head & breast
- Black tail w/ yellow base
- F: Gray mottled back
- Bright white wingbars
-
NOWA vs LOWA
- Yellower bellow
- Streaks extend to chin
- Eyeline narrows caudally
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