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Western Equine encephalitis
- Alphavirus (togavirus)
- Western US
- Encephalitis (1/1000 adults, 1/25 children < 1)
- Mild, non-specific -> Asceptic meningitis -> encephalitis
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Eastern Equine Encephalitis
- Atlantic Seaboard
- Restricted mostly to animals
- Severe Encephalitis
- Children most affected
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St Louis Encephalitis
- Flavivirus
- Major cause of Arbovirus encephalitis in US
- Vector: Culex Tarsalis
- Adults > 40 yrs
- Similar to western equine
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Yellow Fever
- Flavivirus
- Carribean, CA, SA
- Threat to south due to urban vector
- Abrupt onset of fevet, chills, headache, hemorrhage
- Severe vomiting, bradycardia, jaundice, shock
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Dengue
- Flavivirus
- Fever, erythematous rash, severe back and joint pain
- Severe form in far east - shock, hemorrhage, death
- Usually imported in US
-
Japanese encephalitis
- Flavivirus
- East coast of Asia, India
- Usually subclinical
- Ecephalitis -> severe, usually fatal
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West Nile
- Flavivirus
- Incubation: 2-6 days
- Asymptomatic, west nile fever, west nile disease
- Fever, headache, backache, myalgia
- Rash in 50% of cases
- 3-6 day course
- West nile disease: headache, high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, paralysis
- DX: serology
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Chikungunya
- Alphavirus, Togavirus
- Abrupt fever, excruciating myalgia, polyarthritis
- Symptoms last one week, myalgia for months
-
California Virus
- Bunya virus
- Midwest distribution
- 5-18 years of age
- abrupt onset of encephalitis with seizures
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Hanta
- Bunya Virus
- Varying rates of renal failure
- Fulminant respiratory disease with high mortality
- inhalation, direct contact with skin breaks
- Ribavirin may be helpful
-
Colorado Tick Fever
- Reovirus
- Tick borne
- Western US
- 3-6 days after tick bite
- Sudden onset of headache, muscle pain, fever, and encephalitis
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Arena Virus
- Transmission: small rodents
- Aerosol, close contact
- Disease: fever, shock, hemorrhage
- Junin, Machupa, Lassa
- Complications: hepatitis, myocarditis
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