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What is Organic Chemistry?
the study of Carbon based molecules
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How many organic molecules could there be?
infinite number
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what type of orbit do s orbitals have?
circluar
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what type of orbit do p orbitals have?
figure 8 orbits
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What type of shape do the hybrid orbitals have?
sp3 is a triangular prisum, sp2 is a triangle, sp is in a straight line
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what is the number of carbon bonds for each hybrid orbital?
4 bonds to sp3, 3 bonds to sp2 and two bonds to sp
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what is the degree measure for each hybrid orbital?
sp3 is 109.5 degrees, 120 degrees for sp2, 180 degrees for sp
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how many carbons are in methane, butane, ethane, pentane,hexane, propane,heptane
1,4,2,5,6,3,7
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what are the 5 types of representation
structural, condensed structural, line angle, ball and stick, and space filling
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What is a formal charge?
valence electrons - (nonbonded electrons + .5(bonded electrons))
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what is the name of the functional group that looks like a pentagon?
arene
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What is organic synthesis?
reacting molecules to make other molecules based around transforing functional groups
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where is electronegativity highest at?
the top right of the pierodic table
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What is the rule for solubility?
Like dissolves like
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What disolves polar molecules? what is an example?
water, salts
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what disolves non polar molecules? what is an example?
hexane, grease
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When designing drugs what kind of solubility should they be?
hydrophilic enough to be soluble in water but hydrophobic enough to pass through cells
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what does hydrophilic and hydrophobic mean?
favors water and nonpolar solvents respectivly
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what is the free base?
simply the basic form of the molecule.
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What is dna a guide to?
making proteins
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what are amino acids composed of?
amino acids
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how many amino acids are there?
there are 20 naturally occurring amino acids
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what is the primary structure of proteins?
the swquence of the amino acids
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what are polypeptides?
amino acids that have been linked together by covalent bonds?
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what are covalent bonds?
typically irreversible, difficult to break chemical bonds
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what is the secondary structure of proteins?
the 3d subunits of a protein (alpha helixes and beta sheets)
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what type of 3d units do polypeptides form?
alpha helices and beta sheets (the spiral and the unspiraled versions respectily)
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What do tertiary structures refer to?
the whole protein
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what is the quaternary structure of proteins
the noncovalent association of two or more proteins
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How do drugs deliever there message?
throgh chemical signaling pathways in the body
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What are Hormones?
chemical messengers produced by the body's endocrine glands
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what are some exampls or the body's endocrine glands?
pancreas, thyroid
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what is aspirin usfull for (possible) (4)
reduces pain, swelling, fever, heart attack chances
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what does NSAID stand for?
Non steriodal anti inflamatory drug
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what is an enzyme?
biochemical catalysts
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how does Aspirin and other NSAID drugs work?
they block the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes.
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what does COX (cyclooxygenase) do?
synthesizes hornone like compounds called prostaglandins from arachidonic acid
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