14.2 brain, spinal cord and related terms

an almond-shaped mass of gray matter located in the anterior portion of the temporal lobe

insensibility to pain

loss of feeling in part or in body generally

indifference to environment

middle meningeal membrane resembling spider's web (arachnoid means spider)

tracts located in spinal cord, carrying afferent or sensory nerve fibers taht conduct nerve impulses to brain

star-shaped cell of the neuroglia (astro means star)

paired masses of gray matter in each cerebral hemisphere

an anatomic-phyiolofic feature that alters the permeability of brain capillaries so that some substances are prevented from entering brain tissue while others are allowed to enter freely

central part of nerve tissue within cranium, including cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

consists of medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

rigidity of muscles, with limbs tending to remain where placed; characterized by trancelike state

the two parts, or hemispheres, that comprise the cerebellum

second largest division of brain, situated above medulla oblongata and beneath rear portion of cerebrum

outer portion of cerebrum containing gray matter; the cell bodies of neurons

thin, transparent, watery fluid found around spinal cord and in ventricles of brain, central canal of spinal cord and subarachnoid spaces; supports brain, serving as a protective cushion and source of nutrients for brain and spinal cord

larges part of the brain, occupying most of cranial cavity; divided into two cerebral hemispheres

vascular folds of pia mater in third, fourth and lateral ventricles; secretes cerebrospinal fluid

one of the divisions of the limbic system of the brain

regular recurrence of biological activity that occurs at abou the same time each day or night regardless of exposure ot constant darkness or light

enlarged subarachnoid space between caudal surface of cerebellum and dorsal surface of medulla oblongata; sample of cerebrospinal fluid may be collected or pressure measured at this site

fold in surface of cerebral hemisphere (also called gyrus)

the basal ganglia and the white matter separating them, seen as alternating bands of grey and white matter in each cerebral hemisphere

tracts located in spinal cord carrying nerve fibers that conduct efferent or motor impulses from brain

part of forebrain that contains thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus

stiuation in which animal appears to suffer loss of bearings or state of mental confusion as to time, place or identity

outermost membrane of brain and spinal cord

natural, opiate-like substances produced in both brain and pituitary gland that have narcotic action on receptor sites in brain; believed to play role in pain experience

portion of diencephalon that includes pineal body and olractory (smell) centers

deep groove or furrow of brain on cortical surface of cerebrum

passage for spinal cord through occipital bone of cranium

anterior portion of the brain composed of the telencephalon and diencephalon

most posterior ventricle in hindbrain, which produces some cerebrospinal fluid

the most anterior lobe of the cerebral cortex, which serves as the center for voluntary movement

either lateral half of cerebrum or cerebellum

also called the rhombencephalon, it is composed of the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

part of limbic system often called gatekeeper for memory

projections of gray matter within the spinal cord. In cross sections of the spinal cord there are two horns pointing dorsally and two ventrally

increased motor function or activity

induced state of altered awareness or trance; immobility state can be produced in various species such as rabbit

portion of diencephalon located below and between lobes of thalamus; contains the optic chiasm and part of pituitary gland

cavity in each cerebral hemisphere containing cerebrospinal fluid and communicating with third ventricle

pia mater and arachnoid membranes of brain

center for emotional activity and behavior located in deeper structures of brain; involves cingulate gyrus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus

cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes named for the cranial bones above them: occipital, frontal, temporal and parietal

posterior part of brain, continuous with spinal cord

three membranes enveloping central nervous system; dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid

one of the three parts of the brainstem, lying just below the cerebrum and just above the pons. Also called the midbrain

phagocytic cells of nervous system

located between forebrain and hindbrain; contains auditory, visual and muscle control center and is involved in body posture and equilibrium

specialized type of nervous tissue that holds nerve cells and their gossamer filaments together

chemical substances that act at synapse to stimulate or inhibit transmission of impulses; most well known are acetylcholine, norepinephrine (adrenaline), dopamine, and serotonin

mass or cluster of gray matter in brain or spinal cord

also called the rhinencephalon; it is primarily associated with the sense of smell and is more developed in animals than in humans

cells that aid in holding nerve fibers together and forming myelin sheath of nerves

crossing of optic nerves on ventral surface of brain (chiasm means crossing)

dura mater

innermost, thin, compact membrane closely adapted to surface of spinal cord and brain

portion of brain that serves as bridge to connect verebellum,cerebrum and medulla oblongata (pons means bridge)

a functional (rather than morphologic) system in the brain essential for wakefulness

the part of the forebrain involved in receiving and integrating olfactory impulses

a specialized cell that covers a nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system, forming the neurilemma

lowest part of central nervous system, extending form medulla oblongata to coccyx; contains ascending and descending nerve tracts

bological reactions to any adverse stimulus (physical, mental, emotional, internal or external) that tends to disturb well-being of animal

space between pia mater and arachnoid

space between dura mater and arachnoid

furrow or groove separating gyri from each other

the cerebrum, the corpora striata, and the rhinencephalon

part of diencephalon, known as great integrating center of brain; large, gray, oval mass that acts as center to receive sensory impulses and transmit them on to cerebral cortex

located in diencephalon; connects to fourth ventricle by way of cerebral aqueduct

four interconnected cavities in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid

central body of cerebellum, has wormlike shape (vermis means worm)