study guide exam III

Hip

flexion/extension/hyperextension:

plane

saggital

axis

frontal

abduction/adduction:

plane

frontal

axis

saggital

lateral(external) rotation/medial(internal) rotation

plane

transverse

axis

longitunal

Knee

Flexion/Extension:

plane

saggital

axis

frontal

Ankle

Dorsi/Plantar flexion:

plane

saggital

axis

frontal

flexion,etc

hip joint

• ball & socket
• convex-shaped femoral head fits into and articulates with the concave-shaped acetabulum.

femoral head slides in the direction opposite the movement of the thigh

triaxial joint

Knee joint

synovial joint

distal end of femur w/ proximal end of the tibia

fibula not part of knee joint

• ankle/foot joint
• talocrural joint

tibia, weight bearing

• Hip
• Flexion

• 2+-5 sit. "lift your leg off the table, don't let me push it down"
• 2-0 sidelying

extension

• 2+-5 prone
• 2-0 sidelying

abduction

• 2+-5 sidelying effected side up
• 2-0 supine

adduction

• 2+-5 sidelying effected side down
• 2-0 supine

external rotation:

• 2+-5 sit-watch hip bone "raise your leg up and in, dont let me push it out"
• 2-0 supine, roll the foot in, "try to roll your leg out"

internal rotation:

• 2+-5 sit-watch hip bone "raise your leg
• up and out,don't let me push it in"
• 2-0 supine roll the leg out "Try to roll your leg in"

Knee

flexion:

• 2+-5 prone, toes hanging over table
• 2-0 sidelying

extension:

• 2+-5 sit/feet on floor,straighten knee"Don't let me bend it"
• 2-0 sidelying

Ankle

dorsi

• 2+-5 sit.flex/hold "don't let me push it down"
• 2-0 sit "raise your foot"

Plantar

stand, one leg, two fingers on table to balance

• 5/5-25 toe lifts
• 4/5-10-24 toelifts
• 3/5- 1-9 toe lifts
• 2-0 sit and try to raise heel

Hip

flexion

• supine, stabilize pelvis, knee flex,
• femurgreater trochanter

extension

• prone, stabilize pelvis,maintain knee
• femur greater trochanter & ASIS

abduction:

• supine, stablize pelvis
• femur & ASIS

adduction:

• supine, stabilize pelvis, move other leg outward
• ASIS & femur

external/internal rotation:

• sitting, towel, stabilize distal femur
• patella

KNEE:

flexion/extension:

• supine, flex thigh 90 degrees, stabilize thigh
• lateral epicondyle & femur

ANKLE

Dorsi/plantar

sit-high,feet hang off, stabilize tibial/fibula

lateral malleolus

5-max resistance

4- mod resistance

3+

a little resistance

3

AROM=PROM against gravity

3-

minus some AROM. AROM<PROM

2+

resistance in the form of gravity "Initiates mov't against gravity"

2

AROM=PROM gravity eleminated

2-

• minus some AROM
• AROM<PROM

1

feel muscle twitch but no movement

0

no movement & no muscle twitch

formed by anterior rami of L1-S3.

• lumbar plexus-L1-L4
• thigh muscles
• sacral plexus-L5-S3
• leg & foot muscles

• Femoral nerve
• L2,3,4
• iliopsoas
• saartorius
• pectineus
• quadricep femoris

• weakened hip flexion
• loss of knee extension

Obturator nerve

• L2,3,4
• hip adductors
• obturator externus
• loss of hip adduction
• weakened hip lateral rotation

sciatic nerve

• L4,5 S1,2,3
• hamstring muscles
• adductor magnus

tibial nerve

• L4,5, S1,2,3
• popliteus
• ankle plantar flexors
• tibialis posterior
• foot intrinsics(medial & lateral plantar)

• loss ofankle plantar flexion
• weakened ankle inversion
• loss of toe flexion

peroneal nerves

• L4,5 S1,2
• peroneals(mostly superficial peroneal)
• tibialis anterior(deep peroneal)
• toe extensors(deep peroneal)

• loss of ankle dorsiflexion(foot drop)
• loss of toe extension
• loss ofankle eversion
• weakened hip extension
• loss of knee flexion

Normal end feel:

full PROM, normal anatomical structures stop movement

abnormal end feel:

pain, muscle guarding, swelling, or abnormal anatomy stops joint movement

• Soft tissue/firm end feel:
• hip extension
• knee extension
• ankle dorsi & plantar flexion

• soft tissue approximation(muscle bulk):
• hip flexion
• knee flexion

concentric:

• muscle shortens
• joint angle changes
• prime mover
• usually against gravity

eccentric:

• muscle lengthens
• joint angle changes
• produces greater forcethan concentric
• antagonist
• usually with gravity

Concentric muscle/joint motions:

Flexor muscles/flexion joint motion

extensor muscles/extension joint motion

abductor muscles/abduction joint motion

adductor muscles/adduction joint motion

medial rotator muscles/medial rotation joint motion

lateral rotator muscles/lateral rotation joint motion

ECCENTRIC

flexor muscles/extension joint motion

extensor muscles/flexion joint motion

abductor muscles/adduction joint motion


medial rotator muscles/lateral rotation joint motion

lateral totator muscles/medial rotation joint motion

2 joint

• rectus femoris
• Hamstrings
• biceps femoris
• semimembranosus
• semitendinosus
• sartorius
• gracilis
• gastrocnemius
• tensor fascia latae

1 joint

• vastus lateralis/medialis/intermedialis
• biceps femoris
• popliteus

Hamstrings:

• Hip:
• extension

• Knee:
• flexion

• Quads:
• Hip: flexion

knee:extension

obturator internus/externus

gemellus superior/inferior

piriformis

quadratus femoris