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opioids effects
decrease anxiety, promote sedation
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Anticholinergic effects
decrease secretions
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Antimemetic effects
control nausea & vomiting
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categories of surgery
minor; major; emergency; urgent; required; elective; optional
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Reasons for surgery
Exploratory; ablative/curative; transplant; pallative; cosmetic/reconstructive
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Surgical Risk Factors
Age; Nutritional status; medication use; substance abuse; medical problems
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Surgical Nursing Objectives
- Prepare client physically/mentally for surgery
- Make stay as short as possible w/ least discomfort
- Prevent surgical and post op complications
- Provide discharge teaching
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Pre Op Assessment
- Pt Hx: symptoms; surg hx; family hx; dietary hx; med hx; allergies; psychosocial hx
- Physical Exam: Gen appear; v/s; wt; ht; head-toe assessment
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Pre Op Test
- RBC
- Hemocrit
- Hemoglobin
- WBC
- Platelet count
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CBC
- WBC; RBC; HgB; HCT; MCV; MCH; MCHC; RDW; Platelet
- WBC Differential: neutrophils; lymphocytes; monocytes; eosinophils; basophils
- RBC Morphology: states size, shape, color, normal count, normal quantity
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RBC
- Men: 4.5-6 million cells
- Women: 4-5.5 million cells
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WBC
4,000-11,000 cells/mm
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hemoglobin (Hgb)
Oxygen attached to RBC
- Men: 14-18 g/dl
- Women: 12-16 g/dl
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Hct
Hemocrit
% of RBC
- Male: 42% - 52%
- Female: 37% - 47%
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Platelet count
130,000-440,000 cells
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Blood Urea Nitrate
BUN
10-20 mg/dl
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Bilirubin
- Total: 0.3-1 mg/dl
- Indirect: 0.2-0.8 mg/dl
- Direct: 0.1-0.3 mg/dl
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Carbon Dioxide
23-30 mEq/L
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Alkaline Ploshatase
30-120 units
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Alkaline Plosphatases
ALP
30-120 units/ L
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PTT
clotting time
60-70 sec
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Urinalysis
- Amylase 6.5-48.1 u/hr
- Calcium 100-250 mg/day
- Chloride 110-250 mEq/day
- Creatine 85-135 ml/min
- Magnesium 5-10 mEq/day
- Potassium 25-100 mEq/L/day
- Sodium 40-220 mEq/L/day
- Uric Acid 250-750 mg/day
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