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The flashcards below were created by user
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on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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What is the definition of an aerosol?
Dispersions of pressurized liquid and/or solid drugs in a gaseous medium (propellant
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What are the characteristic of aerosols?
- Contents form: liquid, powder, ointment, cream, gell foam
- They are dependent upon the performance of container, valve and propellant for physical delivery of medication
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What are aerosols delivered as?
- A fine mist
- A coarse, wet or dry spray
- A steady stream
- Stable or fast-beraking foam
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What are the facts about aerosols for dermatologic used?
- Particle size is coarser and less critical for efficacy
- Medication presented as powder, wet spray, stream, of liquid (local anesthetic), gel or ointment like product
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What is the particle size for inhalation aerosols?
Particles in form of fine liquid mist of finely divided solid
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What are the size of particle required to reach the alveolar duct, bronchioles, on traachea and bronchi?
- Alveolar duct: less than 2 mcm
- Bronchioles: 5 to 10 mcm
- On trachea and bronchi: 20 to 40 mcm
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What are metered dose inhalers?
- The amount of drug discharged is regulated by an auxiliary dual valve chamber that has specific capacity or dimension (dose size)\
- Potent medication
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What does a dual valve chamber do?
- Depression of actuator valve causes evacuation of chamber and delivery of its contents to the atmospher while the other valve seals from the contents of the container
- Upon release fo actuator, the chamber is refilled for next dose
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What are two additional pharmaceutical uses for aerosols?
- Vaginal and rectal
- Translingual
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What are space aerosols?
- Aerosols used o provide an airborne mist
- Larger particle usually 50mcm to allow duspersed droplets to remain airborne for a long time
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What are surface aerosols?
- Carry the active ingredient to a surface
- Ex: dermatologic products, deodorants, cosmetics, perfumes, shaving creams, paint, cleaners, lubricants, dessert toppings, food spreads
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What the advantages to aerosols?
- No contamination of contents
- No effect on drug by atmospheric oxygen, moisture and light
- Maintenance of sterility
- Drug is delivered in a clean process
- good control of site of action
- Metered valves used in some containers allow axact dosage every time
- Uniform application of topical medications without affeted area
- Provide cooling, refreshing effect locally due to rapid volatilization of propellant
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What are liquified gases?
- Flurinated hydrocarbons or CFCs=chlorofluorcarbon
- Are gases at room temperature and liqui when compressed or cooled below boiling point
- Serve a dual role as propellant and solvent or vehicle
- Are pohibited since 1978 for general use except for pharmaceutical use because they reduce the ozone layer
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What are non-liquified compressed gases?
Employed only as propellants
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What are examples of non-liquified compressed gases?
- N2=nitrogen: insoluble in concentrate, odorless, tasteless, protection from oxidation, inert gas
- NO2= nitrous oxide: slightly soluble in concentrate, expeled with product to achieve spraying or foaming
- CO2= carbon dioxide: slightly soluble in concentrate, expelled with product to achieve spraying or foaming
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What is the aerosol principle?
- There is an equilibrium between liquified propellant and vapor phase (in upper portion of container)
- Vapor phase exerts pressure in all directions
- When the valve is pressed the liquid phase is forced up through the dip tube and out of orifice
- Then equilibirium os reestablished
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WHat is compressed-gas only systems?
Pressure of compressed gas in headspace of contaeiner forces product up the dup tube and out of valve
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What type aerosol require shaking of the container before use?
Two phase and three phase system
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WHat is the cold filling method not used for?
- Aqueous product concentrate
- Because the cold temperatures will freeze the product
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What is the process of cold filling for aerosols?
- Container, Product concetrate, Propellant is liquified when is cooled to -30 to -40 oF
- COld concentrate added to cold container
- Liquified propellant added
- Valved assembly added
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What is the most common method of preparing aerosol for pharmceutical products?
- Pressure filling
- Because there is less moisture contamination and less propellant is lost in process
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What is the process of pressure filling for aerosols?
- Product concentrate added to container
- valve assembly added
- Evacuation of air by vacuum pump
- Liquified gas is added under pressure
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WHat does the USP check for in aerosols?
- Leaks, weak point
- Proper function of valve (metered valve)
- Drug concetration
- Accuracy
- Reproducibility of dosage
- Spray pattern
- Particle Size
- Particle distribution in spray
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What are some counceling facts for topical aerosols?
- Affected area must be cleaned fist
- Facial application requres spraying into palm of hang then applied
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Can aerosol be applied for systemic effects?
Yes after absorption form the lungs
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What is the two phase system?
- Liquid Phase: mixture of liquified gases + product concentrate
- Vapor Phase: gas propellant
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What is the three phase system?
- Water immiscible liquified propellant: in bottom of container due to greater density
- Aqueous product concentrate
- Vapor Phase: water immiscible gas propellant to replenish from propellant liquid phase
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What are inhalations?
- Preparations for respiratory administration (nasal or oral)
- Drugs may be applied for systemic effects after absorption from the lungs
- Drugs man have local action on the bronchial trees
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