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blast/o, -blast
germ or bud
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myel/o
bone marrow or spinal cord
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plasma
liquid portion of the blood and lymph; contains water, proteins, and cellular components
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serum
liquid portion of the blood that remains after clotting
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erythrocyte
red blood cell; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
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hemoglobin
the protein-iron compound in RBC that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
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leukocyte
white blood cell; protects the body from harmful invading substances
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granulocytes
a group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm
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neutrophil
a granular leukocyte, named for the neutral stain of its granules, that fights infection by swalling bacteria (phagocytosis) (neutr = neither, phil = attraction for)
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polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte
another term for neutrophil, referring to many segments in its nucleus
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eosinophil
a granular leukocyte, named for the rose colored stain of its granules, that increase in allergic and some infections reactions
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basophil
a granular leukocyte, named for the dark stain of its granules, that brings anticoagulant substances to inflamed tissues
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agranulocytes
a group of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei
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lymphocyte
an agranulocytic leukocyte that is active in the process of immunity; the three categories of lymphocytes are T cells (thymus dependent), B cell (bone marrow derived), and natural killer (NK) cells
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monocyte
an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection
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platelets
thrombocytes; cell fragments in the blood that are essential for blood clotting (coagulation)
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thymus
primary gland of the lymphatic system, located within the mediastinum, that helps to maintain the bodys immune response by producing T lymphocytes
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spleen
organ between the stomach and the diaphragm that filters out aging blood cells, removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis, and provides an environment for lymphocytes to initiate immune responses
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lymph
fluid that is circulated through the lymph vessels
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lymph capillaries
microscopic vessels that draw lymph from tissues to the lymph vessels
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lymph vessels
vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes
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lacteals
specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream
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chyle
white or pale yellow substance in lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals
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lymph nodes
many small, oval structures that filter lymph from the lymph vessels; major locations include cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions
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lymph ducts
collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins
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right lymphatic duct
receives lymph from the right upper part of the body
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thoracic duct
receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities
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immunity
process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen
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antigen
a substance that, when introduced into the body, causes the formation of antibodies against it
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antibody
a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body
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active immunity
a long lasting immunity that results from stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies; developed either naturally, in response to an infection, or artificially, in response to the administration of a vaccine
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passive immunity
a short lasting immunity that results from foreign antibodies that are conveyed either naturally, through the placenta to fetus, or artificially, by injection of a serum containing antibodies
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