Chapter 11 Psych

the study of changes in physiology, cognition, and social behavior over one life span

conception to two weeks

two weeks to two months; internal organs begin to form

two months until birth

environmental agents that harm the embryo or fetus

a process whereby the synaptic connections in the brain that are frequently used are preserved and those that are not are lost

biologically determined time periods for the development of specific skills

biologically determined time periods where specific skills develop most easily

a strong emotional connection that persists over time and across circumstances

The first adult that an animal (non-human) sees which they follow around and become attached to

attachment style for a majority of infants who are readily comforted when their caregiver returns after a brief separation

attachment style which infants ignore their caregiver when he or she returns after a brief separation

attachment style in which infants become extremely upset when their caregiver leaves but reject the caregiver when he or she returns

attachmen style in which infants give mixed responses when their caregiver leaves and then returns from a short absence

humans' tendency to pay more attention to new stimuli than to stimuli to which they have become habituated

the inability to remember events from early childhood

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operation, and formal operation

the process by which a new experience is placed into an existing schema

the process by which a schema is changed to incorporate a new experience that does not easily fit into an existing schema

0-2, infants acquire information about the world through their sense and respond reflexively

the understanding that an object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen

2-7; children think symbolically about objects, but reason is based on appearance rather than logic

7-12; children begin to think about and understand operations in ways that are reversible

12+; the ability to think abstractly and to formulate and test hypotheses through deductive logic

the term used to describe the ability to explain and predict other people's behavior as a result of recognizing their mental state

earlist level of moral development, in which self-interest determines what is moral

middle stage of moral development; rules and the approval of others determines what is moral

high stage of moral development; decisions about morality depend on abstract principles

the tendency for children to speak using rudimentary sentences that are missing words and grammatical markings but follow a logical syntax

maturation of skills or abilities that enable people to live in a world with others

personal beliefs about whether one is male or female

characteristics associated with males and females because of cultural influence or learning

cognitive structures that influence how people perceive the behaviors of females and males