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sepals
outermost whorl, leafy structures cover the bud
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petals
brightly colored, attract pollinators
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androecium
male structures, anther + filament
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dicot
- parts in 4 or 5s
- two cotyledons
- netted venation
- tap roots
- 3 pores in pollen
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monocots
- parts in 3s or 6s
- one cotyledon
- parallel venation
- one more in pollen grain
- fibrous roots
- tepals- sepals that are colorfull and look like pedals
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complete flower
contains all 4 floral whorls
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incomplete flower
missing of the 4 whorls
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4 floral whorls
pistil, stamen, petal, sepal
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perfect flower
flower w/ male and female parts
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imperfect flower
either male or femal parts only
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hypogynous
superiour ovary
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perigynous
half inferior ovary
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diploid
having a full set of chromosomes ( 1 from mom 1 from dad) in each cell
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haploid
having only half the number of chromosomes present in each cell
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gametophyte
gamete producing plant
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sporophyte
spore producing plant
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gamets are haploid (sperm, egg)
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results of meosis
- haploid spores produced
- sex cells
- increase in genetic diversity
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meiosis reduces chromosome number from diploid to haploid
- gentic material reduced to half
- gametes produced with only one haploid set of chromosomes
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crossing over
genetic exchange between each homologous pair of chromosoms
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meiosis
specialized cell division results in formation of haploid cells (gametes)
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2 major stages of meiosis
- meiosis 1- crossing over occurs
- meosis 2- cell division w/out replication
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interphase
before meiosis begins, genetic material is duplicated
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prophase 1
- duplicated chromatin condenses.
- each chromosome consists of two, closely associated sister chromatids.
- crossing over can occur during the latter part of this stage
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metaphase 1
homologous chromosomes align at the equatorial plate
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anaphase 1
homologous pairs seperate with sister chromatids remaining together
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telophase 1
2 daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the homologous pair
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second division of meosis
gamete formation
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prophase 2
dna does not replicate
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metaphase 2
chromosome align at the equatorial plate
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anaphase 2
centromeres divide and sister chromatids migrate seperately to each pole
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telophase 2
cell division is complete four haploid daughter cells are obtained
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microsporocytes (diploid)
undergo meiosis 1 and 2 to make haploid microspores
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pollination
the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
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self pollination
pollen transfer in same plant
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self complatible
flowers make seeds by using their own pollen
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cross pollination
pollen transfer from one plant to another
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self incompatible
flowers cannot make seed w/out recieving genetically distinct pollen
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