Anatomical Terms

To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward

Forearm and hand turned palm side down; body lying face down

Body lying flat with face up

Situated in front of or directed toward the front

Rear or back

Upper, nearer to the crown of the head

Lower, farther from the crown of the head

Divides body into anterior/posterior parts

Right angles to long axis; divides body into upper and lower parts

Divides the body into left and right sides

Outside

Inside

Nearer to the surface

Farther from the surface

Nearer to the midline

Farther from the midline

Nearer to the limb root

Farther from the limb root

Palm side of the hand or body

Sole side of the foot

Draws away from the middline

Draws towards the midline

Bending or angulations

To straighten

Turned inward

Turned outward

Applied to muscle, that which lowers a structure

Applied to muscle, that which raises a structure

Turning of the palm of the hand upwards by lateral forarm rotation

Turning of the palm of the hand downward by medial forearm rotation

Refers to appendages of an organ. Ex. Ovaries and fallopian tubes

without fever

Able to move about; not confined to bed

A widening of a blood vessel due to pressure on weakened tissues causing formation of a sac of blood that may become clotted

A severe, often constricting pain, usually referring to the chest that occurs when your heart does not get enough blood

Extensive subcutaneous edema; an expression of a generalized edema such as occurs in congestive heart failure. There is diffuse subcutaneous swelling, which is cool to the touch and retains the imprint of a fingertip after pressure is release - hence 'pitting edema'

Condition characterized by either partial or total loss of the ability to communicate verbally or using written words. A person with aphasia may have difficulty speaking, reading, writing, recognizing names of objects, or understanding what other people have said. Aphasia is caused by a brain injury, as may occur during a traumatic accident or when the brain is deprived of oxygen during a stroke

Inflammation of the appendix

Surgical removal of the appendix

Abnormal heart rhythm

Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

Severe pain in a joint

Connection between bones

Accumulation of serious fluid in the abdominal cavity

Partial or total collapse of lung tissue

A forcible pulling away of a part or structure

Armpit

Unusually slow heart beat/rate (<60 bpm)

Abnormally slow breathing (<12 breaths per min)

Inflammation of the bronchi, usually infectious

Inflammation of the bronchioloes, the smallest air passages of the lung. The term usually refers to acute viral bronchiolitis, a common disease in infancy. This is most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A murmur or sound heard in auscultation

State of general ill appearance and malnutrition

Enlargement of the heart

Inflammation of subcutaneous, loose connective tissue; skin infection

Ear wax

Pertaining to the neck or to the cerix of the uterus

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Production gall stones

Inflammation of an organ by degenerative changes, especially the liver

Excision of part of the large intestine or colon

Surgical procedure that provides an opening between the colon and the abdominal wall

An infrequent and unfavorable evolution of a disease, a health condition, or a medical treatment

A rounded projection on a bone, usually for articulation with another bone

Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball

A mechainical injury causing hemorrhages beneath unbroken skin; bruise

Transparent coat of the eyeball covering the iris and pupil, allowing light into the eye

Or Tietze's Syndrome is a benign inflammation of one or more of the costal cartilages

A crackling or grating sound, usually of bones

Pertaining to a bluish or slatelike skin color

Removal of foreign matter or dead tissue from a wound

A seperation of layers usually of a surgical incision

The teeth in situ or in the dental arch

True skin, beneath the epidermis

Excessive or profuse sweating or perspiration

An abnormal, frequent discharge of fluid fecal matter from the bowel

A diagnosis of symptoms of two or more diseases by comparison

Backward flexion, as in bending backward either a hand or foot

Painful menstruation

Painful intercourse

Indigestion

Difficulty swallowing

Loss of or deficiency in the power to understand language as a result of injury or disease to the brain

Difficult and labored breathing, shortness of breath

Painful urination

Hemorrhagic, non-elevated, irregularly-formed, discolored area of skin caused by seepage of blood beneath the epidermis (A bruise!)

Inflammatory condition of the skin which may be acute or chronic, characterized by itching or burning, tiny papules and vesicles, oozing, crusting, and scaling

Swelling of body tissues due to an excessive accumulation of fluid in connective tissue or a serous cavity

Without teeth

Escape of fluid into a cavity

To become extremely thin or lean; wasting

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot of blood or foreign substance

Vomit

Inflammation or infection of the epididymis. In this long coiled tube attached to the upper part of each testicle, spem mature and are stored before ejactulation

Hemorrhage from the nose; nose bleeding

Unusual redness of the skin caused by capillary congestion

Cause of disease and their mode of operation

Pertaining to a normal mood in which the range of emotions is neither depressed nor highly elevated

Aggravate

Widespread rash seen most in children

A fluid with a high content of protein and cellular debris which has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation

Fibrous membrane of connective tissue supporting and separating muscles and body organs

Pertaining to having a fever

Red, crystalline substance used in diagnostic examination of the eye to detect corneal lesions, abrasions, and foreign bodies

Any of the spaces closed by membranous structures between the uncompleted angles of the parietal bones and the neighboring bones of a fetal or young skull

A hollow or depressed area

The large, upper end of the uterus; also the bottom aperture of the internal surface of a hollow organ (e.g. eye, uterus, stomach)

(also known as gastro, gastric flu, and stomach flu although unrelated to influenza) refers to inflammation of the GI tract, involving both the stomach and the small intestine and resulting in acute diarrhea. The inflammation is most often caused by infection with certain viruses, less often by bacteria or their toxins, parasites, or adverse reactions to something in the diet or medication

A surgical procedure for inserting a tube through the abdomen wall and into the stomach. The tube is used for feeding or drainage.

Gums

Severe epileptic attack characterized by convulsions, stupor, and temporary loss of consciousness (more frequently referred to as tonic-clonic seirzures)

Being pregnant

The apparent, often strong subjective perception of an object or situation even when no such stimulus or situation is present; may be visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, or tactile

Tumor consisting of blood vessels

Vomiting of blood

Blood in the stool

Swelling of blood which occurs in an organ or tissue resulting from ruptured blood vessels

Blood in the urine

Spitting of blood; bloodstained sputum

Excessive or profuse bleeding

A hemostat or hemostatic clamp is a surgical tool, which resembles a set of scissors with a locking clamp replacing the blade. A hemostat is commonly used in emergency medicine to control bleeding, especially from a torn blood vessel, until sutures or other surgical techniques can repair the bleeding. The process of halting bleeding is called hemostasis

Blood fluid present in the pleural cavity

Enlargement of the liver and spleen

A pathological accumulation of serious fluid in a bodily cavity

An abnormally high concentration of potassium ions in the blood; high potassium

An abnormally high plasma concentration of sodium ions; high sodium (>140 mM, normal range is 136-140mM)

Persistently high arterial blood pressure

This electrolyte disturbance exists when the sodium concentration in the plasma falls below 135 mM

Persistently low arterial blood pressure

(Jaundice) The yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclerae (white of the eyes) and mucous membranes caused by hyperbilirubinemia

The presense of air/fluid levels on abdominal X-rays

Act of hardening; a specific area of hardened tissue

Necrotic area of tissue following cessation of the blood supply

To penetrate the interstices of a tissue or substance

Pertaining to the groin area

(A blockage of the intestine) a medical condition in which a part of the small intestine has ingavinated into another section of intestine, similar to the way in which the parts of a collapsible telescope slide into one another

Temporary and localized anemia due to resticting circulation to a part

A small interval, space, or gap in a tissue, organ, or structure

Articulation of junction between two or more bones or cartilage

Scar formation consisting of dense tissue

To do with tears

Fibrous tissue, binding bones together

Belonging to the tongue

The presence of numerous small spaces or cavities

Is the inflammation of a lymph node

A chronic, abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually associated with disease

Small colored spot on the skin

Generalized discomfort or weakness

Projections on either side of the ankle joint from the lower leg bones

Imperfect closure or meeting of opposing teeth

Surgical excision of the breast

Black tarry stool

Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. Meningitis may develop in response to a number of causes, most commonly bacteria, viruses, and other infectious agents

The triad of nuchal rigidity, photophobia, and heachache. It is a sign of irritation of the meninges

Excessively heavy menstrual flow with cycles of normal length (hypermenorrhea)

Abdominal pain occurring at the time of ovulation resulting from irritation of the peritoneum by bleeding from the ovulation site

Marked by spots or blotches of different colors or shades

Muscular pain

A genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall. Because they lack a cell wall, they are unaffected by some antibiotics such as penicillin

Nostrils

Sharp pain along the course of a nerve or several nerves

Involuntary rapid eye movements

Back of the skull

Painful swallowing

Large bony projection of the ulna forming the elbow joint

Pain in the eye

Opening/orifice (ex. cervix, mouth)

Roof of the mouth; the partition seperating the nasal and oral caivties

Paleness to the skin

Able to be touched or earily perceived

Woman who has given birth to one or more viable offspring; the number of viable offspring born by a woman

Abnormal tactile sensation described as creeping, burning, tingling, or numbness

Inflammation of the tissue surrounding the nail

Describes a sudden recurrence or intensification of symptoms

Tiny red spots occuring on the skin caused by a small amount of escaping blood

Abnormal intolerance to light

Painful inflammation of the pleura

An inflammatory illness of the lung

Presence of air or gas in the pleural space that may occur spontaneously, due to trauma, or deliberately introduced in a collapsed lung

The depression in the posterior region of the knee (the back of the knee)

Postictal state as manifestions of seizure induced reversible alterations in neuron function but not structure. Post seizure symptoms include exhaustion, inability to think clearly, migraine

Chronic, non-contagious disease characterized by inflamed lesions covered with silvery-white scabs of dead skin

Consisting of matter or pus; resembling pus

(or infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis) is a condition that causes severe vomiting in the first few months of life

Abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation

Thin, watery discharge from the nose

A whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed; the pleural of rhoncus

Pertaining to the ischium or hip

Dense fibrous opaque outer coat enclosing the eyeball except the part covered by the cornea

• 1. The sudden attack or recurrence of a disease
• 2. A single episode of epilepsy, often named for the type it represents

Presence of pathological microorganisms or their toxins in the blood

Long, slender portion of a long bone

Spittle, any mixed matter with saliva that is expectorated through the mouth

Star-shaped; radiating from the center

Narrowing of a body opening or passage

This test detects the presence of fecal occult blood

Harsh or high-pitched respiratory sound, caused by obstruction of the air passages

Rotation of either the forearm or the foot

Loss of consciousness; faint

Abnormal rapid heart beat

Extremely rapid respiration

Procedure to install a chest tube

Surgical cutting into the chest wall

Any of many different superficial fungal infections of the skin

A ringing in the ears

Surgical excision of a tonsil

The twisting of a bodily organ on its own axis (e.g. ovary/fallopian tubes, testicle/vas deferens, etc.)

Spasm of the masticatory muscles; difficulty opening mouth

Condition of being distended or swollen; normal fullness

Hives or wheals which are either redder or paler than the surrounding area and are often attended by itching

Vessel carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart, exluding pulmonary veins

Condition of dizziness, often described as a room spinning sensation

Round, localized area of edema on the skin attended by severe itching which vanishes quickly

Difficult breathing with a wistling sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of the repiratory passageways