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Bones are __.
Each bone is made up of several types of __ and is an __.
- very active tissues
- tissues/ organs
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Bones differ in __ and __, yet are __ in several ways.
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Bone Structure:
1) Expanded ends of bones that form joints with adjacent bones are called __.
2) __ (__) cover the __.
3) The __ of the bone is the _.
4) A tough layer of vascular connective tissue, called the __, covers the bone and is continuous with __ and __.
5) A bone's __ makes possible its __; bony __ indicate places of __ for __.
6) __ makes up the wall of the _; the __ are filled with __ that __ of the skeleton.
7) the __ contains a __ that is lined with __ and filled with __.
- epiphses
- articular cartilage/ hyaline cartilage/ epiphyses
- shaft/ diaphysis
- periosteum/ tendons and ligaments
- shape/ function/ processes or grooves/ attachment/ muscles
- compact bone/ diaphysis/ epiphyses/ spongy bone/ reduce the weight
- diaphysis/ hollow medullary cavity/ endosteum/ marrow
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Microscopic Structure
1) Bone cells (__) are located within __ that lie in __ around __.
2) __ communicate with each other by cellular processes in __.
3) Intercellular material consists of __ and __.
4) In __, __ and __ are organized into __ that are cemented together.
5) __ contain __ and __, and extend __ through bone.
6) __ are interconnected by __.
7) Unlike compact bone, the __ and __ in __ are not arranged in __.
- osteocytes/ lacunae/ concentric circles/ osteonic canals
- osteocytes/ canaliculi
- inorganic salts/ collagen
- compact bone/ osteocytes/ intercellular material/ osteons
- osteonic canals/ blood vessels/ nerve fibers/ longitudinally
- osteonic canals/ transverse perforating canals
- osteocytes/ intercellular material/ spongy bone/ osteonic canals
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Bone Development and Growth
A) Bones for my replacing __ tissue in the __.
B) Some form within sheetlike layers of connective tissue (__), while others replace masses of __ (__).
- connective/ fetus
- intramembranous bones/ cartilage/ endochondral bones
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__
A) THe flat bones of the skull form as __ that develop from layers of connective tissue.
B) __ deposit __ tissue around themselves
C) Once __ deposit bone located in __, they are called __.
D) Cells of the __ that lie outside the developig bone give rise to the __.
- intramembranous bones
- intramembranous bones
- osteoblasts/ boy
- osteoblasts/ lacunae/ osteocytes
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__
A) Most of the bones of the __ fall into this category.
B)They first develop as __ and are then replaced with __.
C) __ is broken down in the __ and progressively replaced wtih bone while the preiosteum develops on the outside.
D) Cartilage is invaded by __ and __ that first form __ at the __.
E) __ beneath the __ lay down __ outside the __.
F) __ appear later in the __.
G) A band of __, the __, forms between the two __.
H) Layers of cartilage cells undergoing __ make up the __.
I) __ break down the __ and are replaced with bone-building __ that deposit bone in place of __.
J)__ are responsible for lengthening bones while increases in thickness are due to __ underneath the _.
K) A __ forms in the region of the __ due to the activity of __.
- Endochondral Bones
- A) skeleton
- B) hyaline cartilage models/ bone
- C) cartilage/ diaphysis/ periosteum
- D) blood vessels/ osteoblasts/ spongy bone/ primary ossification center
- E) Osteoblasts/ periosteum/ compact bone/ spongy bone
- F) secondary ossification centers/ epiphyses
- G)hyaline cartilage/ epiphyseal disk/ ossification centers
- H) mitosis/ epiphyseal disk
- I) Osteoclasts/ calcified matrix/ osteoblasts/ calcified cartilage
- J) Epiphyseal disks/ intramembranous ossification/ periosteum
- K) medullary cavity/ diaphysis/ osteoclasts
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E) Homeostasis of Bone Tissue
1) __ tear down and __ build bone throughout the lifespan, with an average of __ to __ of __ exchanged annually.
- osteoclasts
- osteoblasts
- 3%-5%
- bone calcium
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