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RBC's lifespan is 120 days
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Reticulocyte is an immature erythrocyte
the count measures the rate at which new RBC's appear in the circulation. They mature within 48hrs. of release into circulation.
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Neutrophil
Primary phagocytic cells involved in acute inflammatory responses.
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Monocytes
are the second type of WBC's to arrive at the scene of an injury.
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Platelets
Have a lifespan of 5-9 days. They are the "Plugs" to close any openings in the capillary walls.
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Transferrin
the degree to which transferrin is saturated with iron is a reliable indicator iof the iron supply for the developing RBC's.
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Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin, which is an essential component of blood clot.
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4 Major Functions of The Spleen
- Hematopoietic-ability to produce RBC's fetal development
- Filtration-ability to remove old & defective RBC's from circulation & recycle iron to the bone marrow
- Immunologic-supply of lymphocytes, monocytes, & stored immunoglobulins.
- Storage function- stores RBC's & platelets.
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Lymph System
returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood which prevents edema.
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Assessment
- ask what meds are being taken (herbal)
- any surgeries (duodenum where iron is absorbed Vit B12)
- any tumors (chemotherapy)
- HIV(may cause depression to bone marrow)
- Blood transfussions
- Healing progression
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Sickle Cell occurs primarily in African Americans
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Pernicious anemia occurs most commonly in persons of northern European descent
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Hematemesis (bright red, brown, black vomitus)
can be a symptom of chronic alcohol abusers. It damage platelet & liver function where cloting factors are produced
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Iron foods
- liver
- meat
- eggs
- potatoes
- leafy green veggies
- dried fruit
- legumes
- citrus fruit
- whole grain
- enriched breads & cereals
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Petechiae
- pinpoint, nonraised, perfectly round area >2mm, purple, dark red or brown in color.
- May indicate decrease platelets or clotting factors resulting in hemorrage into the skin.
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Pancytopenia
decreased numer of RBC's, WBC's and platelets. Pt will need management of anemia, infections, and hemorrage
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shift to the left
the existence of many immature cells when infections are severe, this means bone marrow is releasing more granulocytes as a compensatory mechanism to meet the increased demand.
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Neutropenia
is a condition associated with a neutrophil count less than 1000 cells, severe neutropeni is associated with an (ANC) of less tha 500 cells. (absolule neutrophil count) This is associated with high risk of infection, bone marrow depression or disease process such as Leukemia
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Thrombocytopenia
- Normal platelet count is 150,000-400,000
- when count is <100,000, bleeding may occur. Spontaneous hemorrage is possible if<20,000
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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR or "sed rate")
>ESR is common during acute & chronic inflammation reactions when cell destruction is increased.
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Hb 12-16(W)
13.5-18(M)
Hct38%-47%(W)
40%-54%(M)
WBC differential
Neutrophils 50%-70% (0.50-0.70)
Eosinophils 2%-4% (0.02-0.04)
Basophils 0%-2% (0-0.02)
Lymphocytes 20%-40% (0.20-0.40)
Monocytes 4%-8% (0.04-0.08)
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Platelet count 150,000-400,000
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