-
3 conditions that progress to Crescentic glomerulonephritis?
- Good Pastures
- Wegeners
- Microscopic Polyangitis
-
Wegener's affects what 3 parts of the body?
-
Wegener's is associated with what antibodies?
c-anca
-
Tetrazolium stain used to stain ischemic heart tissue stains ischemic tissue what color?
WHY?
- pale
- bc lactate dehydrogenases have been spilled and do not take up the stain
-
what kind of necrosis is seen in an infarcted heart?
coagulative necrosis
-
In an infarct when do macrophages come?
Risk is the highest for what?
- 5-10 days
- cardiac tamponade
- free wall rupture
- interventricular septum rupture
- papillary muscles rupture
-
the 1st 5 days after an infarct there is risk for what?
5-10
5-10
- arrhythmia
- cardiac tamponade
- papillary muscle rupture
- free wall rupture
- interventricular septum rupture
ventricular wall rupture
-
What tumor is responsive to estrogen, is a small movable stromal mass?
fibroadenoma
-
Rx with cyclosporin A therapy increases chances of getting what tumor?
Fibroadenoma
-
What tumor of breast are bilateral?
- fibroadenoam
- Lobular carcinoma
-
What breast tumor has leaf like projections, occurs in the 6th decade and has cysts?
Phyllodes tumor
-
Fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor occur where in the breast?
intralobular strome
-
Which breast tumor shows high level of desmoplasia?
invasive ductal carcinoma
-
Squamous cell carcinoma have what characteristic composition?
Positive for what?
- keratin pearls
- cytokeratin
-
Nests of basaloid cells with palisading nuclei describes what tumor?
Basal Cell carcinoma
-
Which of the skin tumors has local invasion only and no metastasis?
Basal Cell Carcinoma
-
Hydroxyurea is used for what 2 cancers?
-
What tumor suppressor gene is mutated in melanomas?
p16 on chromosome 9
-
Aldesleukin is used for what 2 conditions?
- Renal cell Carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma
-
Precursor to Melanoma?
Squamous cell Carcinoma?
- Dysplastic Nevus
- Actinic keratosis
-
marker for Melanoma?
s-100
-
Diagnosis of Sideroblastic anemia?
delta ALA high in urine
-
Ab to Her-2(erb-2)?
Trastuzamab
-
Rx for breast cancer with ER+ and Her-2 +?
-
How does Vit B12 deficiency incrase the risk for atherosclerosis?
increased homocysteine
-
Hair on end appearance is seen in what 2 conditions?
- extramedullary hematopeiosis---
- Sickle cell
- Thalasemia
-
What vasculitis presents with granulomatous lesions and eosinophilia and with asthma, sinusitis
Churg-Straus---
-
2 Conditions associated with p-anca?
- Microscopic polyangitis
- Churg-Strauss syndrome
-
Causes of eosinophilia?
- Neoplastic
- Asthma
- Allergy--interstitial nephritis--methicillin, cephalolithan
- Collagen vascular disease
- Parasites
-
What tumor may transform into ALL or AML?
CML
-
ALL presents in what age group?
Marker?
X ray finding?
- children
- TdT for pre B and pre T cells
- Mediastinal Mass
-
In terms of a percentage of blasts what is acute vs chronic leukemia?
- actue--->20% of cells are blasts
- Chronic--<20% of cells are blasts
-
Translocation in AML?
Characteristic finding?
-
Who gets Hairy Cell leukemia?
Marker?
- Elderly
- Tartrate resitant alkaline phosphotase
-
What causes Warm agglutinins?
- SLE
- CLL
- drugs i.e alpha methyl dopa
-
What causes cold agglutinins
- CLL
- infections
- Mycoplasma
- Infectious mononucleosis--malaise
-
WBC that look smudged are seen in what Cancer?
CLL--elderly
-
Fried egg appearance of plasma cells are seen in what cnacer?
MM
-
Manifestations of MM?
- Calcemia--hyper
- Renal insufficienyc--bence jones protein
- Anemia
- Bone lytic lesions/back pain
-
HTN in MM due to?
high IgG in plasma increase viscosity and Q=P/R
-
Amyloidosis causing nephrotic syndrome?
- any inflammatory disorder---RA
- MM
- DM
- Medullary carcinoma of thyroid
- Senile
- Transthyretin
-
How does MM cause lytic lesions and hypercalcemia
a protein activate NF-kappa signalling cascade which activates osteoclasts
-
Which hodkin lymphoma is associated with EBV?
- Lymphocyte rich
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mixed Cellularity
-
WHich hodkin lymphoma has collagen banding and lacunar cells?
Nodular Sclerosing
-
EBV is associated with hodking or non hodkin lymphoma?
Hodgkin Lymphoma
-
Hodgkin or non hodgkin has bimodal distribution?
Hodgkin
-
Lymphocyte depletion variant of Hodgkin lymphoma affects who?
eldrly and HIV + individuals
-
Cells resembling popcorn cell occuring in males younger than 35 yo is what variant of hodgkin lymphoma?
Lymphocytic variant
-
Difference between Leukemoid vs leukemia?
High basophils in leukemia and high LAP in leukemoid
-
4 stages of pneumonia?
- congestion--hyperemic tissue, vascular engorgement
- red hepatizaton-spillage of neutrophils, fibrin, rbcs in the alveoli
- brown hepatization--progressive degradation of red cells and fibrinosuppurative exudate
- resolution--debris digested by macrophages and expectorated
-
5 consequences of asbestosis?
- plaques
- pleural effusion
- fibrosis
- mesothelioma
- carcinoma
-
Ferrigenous bodies are made up of what?
iron-protein complexes
-
What are the components of WAGR syndrome?
- Wilms tumor
- aniridia
- genital abnormalities
- Retardation mental
-
Components of Denny-Drash syndomre?
- Gonadal dysgenesis
- nephropathy
- gonadoblastoma
- Wilms tumor
-
Components of Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome?
- semihypertrophy
- wilms tumor
-
3 risk factors for Hyaline membrane disease?
- prematurity
- maternal diabetes
- cessarian section
-
What tumor produces hypertrophic osteoarthrophaty?
Bronchogenic carcinoma
-
Pseudorosettes?
- neuroblastoma
- ependymoma
- medulloblastoma
- retinoblastoma
-
Leukoplakia or erythroplakia gives rise to malignant transformations?
erythroplakia
-
What kinds of pathologies does H pylori causes?
- chronic gastritis
- gastric ulcer
- duodenal ulcer
- stomach adenocarcinoma
- Maltoma
-
Meckels diverticulum results from faulty resorption of what?
vitelline duct--which connect the intestinal lumne to yolk sac
-
What kind of tissue can a meckels diverticulum have?
- pancreatic
- gastric
- all can cause gastic performations
-
What can cause pyloric stenosis in adults?
chronic gastritis of antrum, carcinoma of distal stomach, pancreatic carcinoma
-
2 conditions which produce subluxation of lens?
-
APC gene for FAP is located on what chromosome?
5
-
what 2 molecular pathways lead to adenocarcinoma of colon?
- APC:K-ras:p53
- microsatellite instability
-
4 conditions which lead to colorectal cancer?
- FAP
- HNPCC
- Gardners + FAP
- Turcots + FAP
-
Staging for CRC is what?
invasion and l. node metastasis
-
3 locations for carcinoid tumors?
-
What tumor produces right sided murmurs>
Carcinoid tumor
-
What intestinal infection can mimic appendicitis?
yersinia infection
-
Mittelshmerz?
pain during ovulation
-
What tumor has shiller duval bodies and resembles glomerulus?
yolk sac tumor--alpha feto protein
-
Risk of developing what with Pagets?
osteosarcoma
-
Devitalized bone in osteomyelitis is?
New bone over devitalized bone is?
-
Mesangial thickening in Diabetic nephropathy is called?
Nodular glomerulosclerosis(Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease)
-
ADPKD is located on what chromosome?
16
-
Complications of ADPKD?
- MVP
- Liver cystic disease
- Berry aneurysm
-
Which form of chronic pyelonephritis resembles RCC?
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis caused by proteus
-
Oncocytoma?
renal tumor originated from intercalated cells of collecting ducts
-
Most common tumor type of Renal cell carcinoma?
clear cell carcinom
-
Stain for copper?
rhodamine
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