The flashcards below were created by user
pszurnicki
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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3 conditions that progress to Crescentic glomerulonephritis?
- Good Pastures
- Wegeners
- Microscopic Polyangitis
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Wegener's affects what 3 parts of the body?
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Wegener's is associated with what antibodies?
c-anca
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Tetrazolium stain used to stain ischemic heart tissue stains ischemic tissue what color?
WHY?
- pale
- bc lactate dehydrogenases have been spilled and do not take up the stain
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what kind of necrosis is seen in an infarcted heart?
coagulative necrosis
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In an infarct when do macrophages come?
Risk is the highest for what?
- 5-10 days
- cardiac tamponade
- free wall rupture
- interventricular septum rupture
- papillary muscles rupture
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the 1st 5 days after an infarct there is risk for what?
5-10
5-10
- arrhythmia
- cardiac tamponade
- papillary muscle rupture
- free wall rupture
- interventricular septum rupture
ventricular wall rupture
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What tumor is responsive to estrogen, is a small movable stromal mass?
fibroadenoma
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Rx with cyclosporin A therapy increases chances of getting what tumor?
Fibroadenoma
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What tumor of breast are bilateral?
- fibroadenoam
- Lobular carcinoma
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What breast tumor has leaf like projections, occurs in the 6th decade and has cysts?
Phyllodes tumor
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Fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor occur where in the breast?
intralobular strome
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Which breast tumor shows high level of desmoplasia?
invasive ductal carcinoma
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Squamous cell carcinoma have what characteristic composition?
Positive for what?
- keratin pearls
- cytokeratin
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Nests of basaloid cells with palisading nuclei describes what tumor?
Basal Cell carcinoma
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Which of the skin tumors has local invasion only and no metastasis?
Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Hydroxyurea is used for what 2 cancers?
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What tumor suppressor gene is mutated in melanomas?
p16 on chromosome 9
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Aldesleukin is used for what 2 conditions?
- Renal cell Carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma
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Precursor to Melanoma?
Squamous cell Carcinoma?
- Dysplastic Nevus
- Actinic keratosis
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marker for Melanoma?
s-100
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Diagnosis of Sideroblastic anemia?
delta ALA high in urine
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Ab to Her-2(erb-2)?
Trastuzamab
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Rx for breast cancer with ER+ and Her-2 +?
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How does Vit B12 deficiency incrase the risk for atherosclerosis?
increased homocysteine
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Hair on end appearance is seen in what 2 conditions?
- extramedullary hematopeiosis---
- Sickle cell
- Thalasemia
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What vasculitis presents with granulomatous lesions and eosinophilia and with asthma, sinusitis
Churg-Straus---
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2 Conditions associated with p-anca?
- Microscopic polyangitis
- Churg-Strauss syndrome
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Causes of eosinophilia?
- Neoplastic
- Asthma
- Allergy--interstitial nephritis--methicillin, cephalolithan
- Collagen vascular disease
- Parasites
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What tumor may transform into ALL or AML?
CML
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ALL presents in what age group?
Marker?
X ray finding?
- children
- TdT for pre B and pre T cells
- Mediastinal Mass
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In terms of a percentage of blasts what is acute vs chronic leukemia?
- actue--->20% of cells are blasts
- Chronic--<20% of cells are blasts
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Translocation in AML?
Characteristic finding?
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Who gets Hairy Cell leukemia?
Marker?
- Elderly
- Tartrate resitant alkaline phosphotase
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What causes Warm agglutinins?
- SLE
- CLL
- drugs i.e alpha methyl dopa
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What causes cold agglutinins
- CLL
- infections
- Mycoplasma
- Infectious mononucleosis--malaise
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WBC that look smudged are seen in what Cancer?
CLL--elderly
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Fried egg appearance of plasma cells are seen in what cnacer?
MM
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Manifestations of MM?
- Calcemia--hyper
- Renal insufficienyc--bence jones protein
- Anemia
- Bone lytic lesions/back pain
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HTN in MM due to?
high IgG in plasma increase viscosity and Q=P/R
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Amyloidosis causing nephrotic syndrome?
- any inflammatory disorder---RA
- MM
- DM
- Medullary carcinoma of thyroid
- Senile
- Transthyretin
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How does MM cause lytic lesions and hypercalcemia
a protein activate NF-kappa signalling cascade which activates osteoclasts
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Which hodkin lymphoma is associated with EBV?
- Lymphocyte rich
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mixed Cellularity
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WHich hodkin lymphoma has collagen banding and lacunar cells?
Nodular Sclerosing
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EBV is associated with hodking or non hodkin lymphoma?
Hodgkin Lymphoma
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Hodgkin or non hodgkin has bimodal distribution?
Hodgkin
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Lymphocyte depletion variant of Hodgkin lymphoma affects who?
eldrly and HIV + individuals
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Cells resembling popcorn cell occuring in males younger than 35 yo is what variant of hodgkin lymphoma?
Lymphocytic variant
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Difference between Leukemoid vs leukemia?
High basophils in leukemia and high LAP in leukemoid
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4 stages of pneumonia?
- congestion--hyperemic tissue, vascular engorgement
- red hepatizaton-spillage of neutrophils, fibrin, rbcs in the alveoli
- brown hepatization--progressive degradation of red cells and fibrinosuppurative exudate
- resolution--debris digested by macrophages and expectorated
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5 consequences of asbestosis?
- plaques
- pleural effusion
- fibrosis
- mesothelioma
- carcinoma
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Ferrigenous bodies are made up of what?
iron-protein complexes
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What are the components of WAGR syndrome?
- Wilms tumor
- aniridia
- genital abnormalities
- Retardation mental
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Components of Denny-Drash syndomre?
- Gonadal dysgenesis
- nephropathy
- gonadoblastoma
- Wilms tumor
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Components of Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome?
- semihypertrophy
- wilms tumor
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3 risk factors for Hyaline membrane disease?
- prematurity
- maternal diabetes
- cessarian section
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What tumor produces hypertrophic osteoarthrophaty?
Bronchogenic carcinoma
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Pseudorosettes?
- neuroblastoma
- ependymoma
- medulloblastoma
- retinoblastoma
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Leukoplakia or erythroplakia gives rise to malignant transformations?
erythroplakia
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What kinds of pathologies does H pylori causes?
- chronic gastritis
- gastric ulcer
- duodenal ulcer
- stomach adenocarcinoma
- Maltoma
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Meckels diverticulum results from faulty resorption of what?
vitelline duct--which connect the intestinal lumne to yolk sac
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What kind of tissue can a meckels diverticulum have?
- pancreatic
- gastric
- all can cause gastic performations
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What can cause pyloric stenosis in adults?
chronic gastritis of antrum, carcinoma of distal stomach, pancreatic carcinoma
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2 conditions which produce subluxation of lens?
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APC gene for FAP is located on what chromosome?
5
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what 2 molecular pathways lead to adenocarcinoma of colon?
- APC:K-ras:p53
- microsatellite instability
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4 conditions which lead to colorectal cancer?
- FAP
- HNPCC
- Gardners + FAP
- Turcots + FAP
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Staging for CRC is what?
invasion and l. node metastasis
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3 locations for carcinoid tumors?
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What tumor produces right sided murmurs>
Carcinoid tumor
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What intestinal infection can mimic appendicitis?
yersinia infection
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Mittelshmerz?
pain during ovulation
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What tumor has shiller duval bodies and resembles glomerulus?
yolk sac tumor--alpha feto protein
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Risk of developing what with Pagets?
osteosarcoma
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Devitalized bone in osteomyelitis is?
New bone over devitalized bone is?
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Mesangial thickening in Diabetic nephropathy is called?
Nodular glomerulosclerosis(Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease)
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ADPKD is located on what chromosome?
16
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Complications of ADPKD?
- MVP
- Liver cystic disease
- Berry aneurysm
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Which form of chronic pyelonephritis resembles RCC?
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis caused by proteus
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Oncocytoma?
renal tumor originated from intercalated cells of collecting ducts
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Most common tumor type of Renal cell carcinoma?
clear cell carcinom
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Stain for copper?
rhodamine
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