Med Term ch. 11

Mineral salts (sodium, potassium, and calcium) that carry an electrical charge in solution

fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli of the kidney

products of cellular metabolism that contains nitrogen

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelivic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity

flued containing sperm and secretions from the prostate and other structures of the male reproductive system; also called seminal fluid

androgenic hormone responsibile for the development of the male sex organs, including the penis, testicles, scrotum, and prostate

bladder

glomerulus

stone, calculus

opening, meatus

kidney

renal pelvis

urine, urinary tract

ureter

urethra

male

glans penis

epididymis

testis (plural, testes)

perineum (area between scrotum [or vulva in in the female] and anus)

prostate gland

sprematozoa, sperm cells

dilated vein

vessel; vas deferens; duct

seminal vesicle

albumin, protein

nitrogenous compounds

hidden

gonads, sex glands

potassium (an electrolyte)

ketone bodies (acids and acetones)

night

scanty (decreased production)

pus

killing

condition

slit, fissure

urine

absence of urine production or urinary output

retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) in the blood; also called uremia

blockage at base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra

renal failure that occurs over a period of years, in which the kidneys lose their ability to maintain volume and composition of body fluids with normal dietary intake

painful or difficult urination, commonly described as a "burning sensation" while urinating

condition is which kidney function is permanently lost

involuntary discharge of urine; also called incontinence

abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another

voiding urine at frequent intervals

involuntary delay in initiating urination

abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract

loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin by way of urine due to increased permeability of glomerular membrane

excessive or frequent urination after going to bed

diminished capacity to form and pass urine, resulting in inefficient excretion of the end products of metabolism

inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys

feeling of the need to void immediately

disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass thru the ureters to the bladder, usually due to impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter

rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children

congenital absence of one or both testes; also called anorchia or anorchism

failure to form or ejaculate semen

inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis

malformation in which the urethra opens on the dorsum of the penis

repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection for sexual intercourse

accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike cavity, especially the testes and associated structures

developmental anormaly in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis or, in extreme cases, on the perineum

stenosis or narrowing of preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis

inability to produce offspring; in the male, inability to fertilize the ovum

swelling and distention of veins of the spermatic cord

screening test that assesses the rectal wall surface for lesions of abnormally firm areas that might indicate cancer

measures the contraction of the muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra

self-examination of the testes for abnormal lumps or swelling in the scrotal sac

endoscopy of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growths, and removal of polyps

endoxcopy of the kidney(s) using a specialized, three-channel endoscope that enables visualization and irrigation of the kidney

endoscopy of the urethra using a specialized endoscope, typically for lithotripsy or TURP

test that determines the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, present in a blood sample

test that determines the causative organism of a disease and how the organism responds to various antibiotics

blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostatic cancer

test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility of verify sterilization after a vasectomy

radiographic examination of the urinary bladder using a contrast medium

procedure that assesses volume and pressure in the bladder at various stages of filling using saline and a contrast medium introduced into the bladder through a catheter

radiographic examination of the kidneys, and urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium; also called excetrory urography (EU)

radiographic examination to determine the location, size, and shape of the kidneys in relationship to other organs in the abdominopelvic cavity and to identify abnormalities of the urine system

• radiology test in which radioactive materials called tracers are introduced into the patient and a specialized camera, which acts as a radiation detector, produces images by recording the emitted tracers
• -imaging test where a monitor is used to track a radioactive substance as it passes thru the kidney

radiological examination of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding usinga a contrast medium to enhance imaging

medical procedure used to filter toxic substances from the patient's bloodstream, such as excess electrolytes and nitrogenous wastes

method of removing waste substances from the blood by shunting it from the body, passing it thru an artificial kidney machine where it is filtered, and then returning the dialyzed blood to the patients body

removal of toxic substances from the body by perfusing the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution

removal of all or part of the foreskin, or perpuce, of the penis

fixation of a floating or mobile kidney

removal of one or both testes; also called orchiectomy

surgical procedure that involves inserting a resectoscope into the urethra to "chip away" at the prostate gland to remove the obstruction and flushing out the chips and sending them for analysis to detect possible evidence of cancer

incision of a urethral stricture

excision of all or a segment of the vas deferens

treat bacterial infections to the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes

decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, thus allowing normal emptying of the bladder

promote and increase the excretion of urin

replace potassium due to depletion caused by diuretics

increase testosterone levels

treat erectile dysfunction (impotence) by increasing blood flow to the penis, resulting in an erection