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simile
a comparison of two different things or deas through the use of the words like or as
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metaphor
a comparison without the use of like or as
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personification
a kind of metaphor which gives inanimate objects or abstract ideas human characteristics
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hyperbole
a deliberate, extravagant, and often outrageous exaggeration
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understatement (meiosis)
the opposite of hyperbole. a kind of irony which deliberately represents something as much less than it really is
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paradox
a statement which contradicts itself. It usually turns out to have a coherent meaning, and reveals a truth which is normally hidden
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oxymoron
a form of paradox which combines a pair of contrary terms into a single expression
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pun
a play on words which are identical or similar in sound but have sharply diverse meanings
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irony
the result of a statement saying one thing while the meaning is the opposite
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sarcasm
a type of irony in which a person appears to be praising something while he is actually insulting the thing
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antithesis
a direct contrast of structurally parallel world groupings generally for the purpose of contrast
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apostrophe
a form of personification in which the absent or dead are spoken to as if present, and the inanimate as if animate
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allusion
a reference to a mythological, literary history, or Biblical person, place, or thing
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synecdoche (metonymy)
a form of metaphor. In synecdoche, a part of something is used to signify the whole
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