Chapter 16

a serious mental disorder characterized by disordered thoughts, delusions, hallucinations, and often bizarre behaviors

a symptom of schizophrenia evident by its presence: delusions, hallucinations, or thought disorders

disorganized, irrational thinking

a belief that is clearly in contradiction to reality

perception of a nonexistent object or event

a symptom of schisophrenia characterized by the absence of behaviors that are normally present: social withdrawl, lack of affect, and reduced motivation

a symptom of schizophrenia characterized by deficits in sustained attention, psychomotor speed, learning and memory, abstract thinking, and problem solving

a movement disorder that can occur after prolonged treatment with antipsychotic medication, characterized by involuntary movements of the face and neck

the increased sensitivity of neurotransmitter receptors; caused by damage to the afferent axons or long-term blockage of neurotransmitter release

the study of the distribution and causes of diseases in populations

the increased incident of schizpohrenia in people born during late winter and early spring

decreased activity of the prefrontal cortex; believed to be responsible for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

a drug that has a very high affinity for a particular receptor but activates that receptor less than the normal ligand does; serves as an agonist in regions of low concentration of the normal ligand and as an antagonist in reigions of high concentrations

a serious mood disorder, includes unipolar depression and bipolar disorder

a serious mood disorder characterized by cyclical periods of mania and depression

a serious mood disorder that consists of unremitting depression or periods of depression that do not laternate with periods of mania

a call of drugs used to treat depression; inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin but also affects other neurotransmitters; named for the molecular structure

an antidepressant drug that specifically inhibits the reuptake of serotonin without affecting the ruptake of other neurotransmitters

an antidepressant drug that specifically inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin without affecting the ruptake of other nuerotransmitters

a brief electrical shock, applied to the head, that results in an electrical seizure; used therapeutically to alleviate severe depression

a chemical element; lithium carbonate is used to treat bipolar disorder

a hypothesis that sates that depression is caused by a low level of activity in one or more monoaminergic synapses

a procedure involving a low-tryptophan diet and a tryptophan-free amino acid "cocktail" that lowers brain tryptophan an dconsequently decreses the synthesis of 5-HT thus lowering levels of serotonin in the brain

a small cerebrovascular accident (stroke) that causes minor brain damage without producing obvious neurological symptoms

a mood disorder characterized by depression, lethargy, sleep disturbances, and craving for carbohydrates during the winter season when days are short

a mood disorder that occurs specifically in the summer; characterized by depression, sleep disturbances, and loss of appetite

teratment of seasonal affective disorder by daily exposure to bright light