Anatomy

What system?
Organs, vessels and a fluid called lymph– similar to interstitial fluid (means clear water)

What organs are involved in the lymphatic system?

What are the 3 main functions of the lymphatic system?

What function of the lymphatic system is it?:
Recognize microbes or abnormal cells & responding by killing them directly or secreting antibodies that cause their destruction

Capillaries that begin as closed-ended tubes found in spaces between cell combine to form ____________ ______

Resemble veins with thinwalls & more valves

Fluid flows through lymph nodes towards large veins above the heart
– lymph emptied into bloodstream (subclavian veins)

Found throughout thebody except in avascular tissue (cartilage, epidermis& cornea)

Lymphatic capillaries:
How is the structure designed to let tissue fluid in but not out?

Lymphatic capillaries in GI tract, are known as ______

What is collected by lymphatic capillaries & returned to the blood?

What promotes flow of lymphatic fluid?

Vessels unite to form _________ & _________ ______

What body areas empty into right lymphatic duct? The rest of body empties into thoracic duct (cysterna chyli)

Where is lymph dumped?

Immune System and Lymphatic Tissue:
Form the main defense cells of the immune system

What are the two main types of lymphocytes?

What type of lymphocytes
-produced and mature in the bone marrow
-produce antibodies against specific antigens on foreign cells

What type of lymphocytes are
-produced in the bone marrow but mature and proliferate in the Thymus gland
-attack foreign cells and program cell death

Attack foreign cells and are short-lived

Remain in system long time and provide rapid response to foreign cell (form the basis for vaccinations)

Provide environment for stem cells to divide & mature into B and T lymphocytes

What gives rise to mature B cells?

Site where pre-T cells from red marrow mature (newborn and young adult)

– site where most immune responses occur
• lymph nodes, spleen & lymphatic nodules

What are the 5 types of lymphatic tissue?

Concentrations of lymphatic tissue not surrounded by a capsule scattered throughout connective tissue of mucous membranes

Examples of Lymphatic Nodules

What are 3 parts of the tonsils?

Bean-shaped organs, up to 1 inch long, located along lymphatic vessels

Scattered throughout body but concentrated near mammary glands, axillae & groin

Is capsule, trabeculae & reticular fibers

Parenchyma is divided into 2 regions:

Which region of the parenchyma:
• lymphatic nodules with germinal centers containing dendritic cells– antigen-presenting cells and macrophages
• B cells proliferate into antibody-secreting plasma cells
• T cells enter, proliferate and leave lymph node

Which region of the parenchyma:
• contains B cells & plasma cells in medullary cords

• Characteristic of malignant tumors
• Spread of disease from one organ to another– cancer cells travel via blood or lymphatic system– cells establish new tumors where they lodge

How can secondary tumor site be predicted?

Lymph nodes that are firm, enlarged and nontender

Nodes that are not firm and are very tender

Organ between stomach & diaphragm

Spleen:
Contains blood & lymphatic vessels

Spleen:
Consists of capsule, trabeculae, fibers & fibroblasts

Consists of white pulp and red pulp

What type of spleen pulp is lymphatic tissue (lymphocytes & macrophages), B cell proliferation and plasma cell formation

What type of spleen pulp is venous sinuses (filled with blood & macrophages)

Spleen:
Carry out phagocytosis of bacteria and worn out RBCs and platelets

Large organ in infants but atrophied in adult
2 lobed organ located in mediastinum

Capsule & trabeculae divide it into lobules (connective tissue)

Each lobule has cortex &medulla

– tightly packed T lymphocytes (proliferation and maturation)
– Macrophages and epithelial cells-produce thymic hormon

Mature T cells and patches of dead cells (thymic corpuscles)