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which blood vessels carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
pulmonary vein
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what is the function of the lymphatic system
returns fluids and proteins from interstitial fluids into the blood
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what happens in the heart during sytolic/diastolic
- Diastole: relaxation of the heart muscle (usually refers to the filling of the ventricles with blood)
- Systole: contraction of heart muscle (usually refers to ejection of blood from ventricles into the pulmonary artery or aorta)
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how is the HR calculated from an ECG
60/R-R interval (convert R-R into seconds)
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what is the sequence of the heart contraction/relaxtion
-
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what is a pancreas's job
secretes hormones and digestive juices
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what blood disorders increase blood viscosity
dehydration
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P wave function and is it deplorization or re polarization
Represents depolarization of the atria.
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T wave function and is it deplorization or re polarization
Represents repolarization of the ventricles.
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QRS COMPLEX function and is it deplorization or re polarization
Represents depolarization of the ventricles
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PR interval function and is it deplorization or re polarization
Interval from the first atrial depolarization to the beginning of the Q wave. It decreases when heart rate increases, and vice versa
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what causes the 1st heart sound"lub"?
The AV valve closing
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what are some characteristics of the small intestines
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where in the GI tract are the digested nutrients mainly absorbed
small intestines
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why does inflammatory drugs cause stomach upset
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In equine, what part of the GI tract has adapted for fermentation of complex carbs
the rumen
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what is the pulmonary circulation route
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what does the stomach secrete
- digestive juices
- EX: gastrin, intrinsic factor,pepsinogen,histamine,HCL
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what does the duodenum do? what does it secrete?
- digests chyme.
- it secretes an alkaline fluid
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what part of the stomach controls gastric emptying
the small intestines but more specifically intestinal hormones
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what cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid
gastrin stimulates parietal cells
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what is a heart block? what is happening in the heart?
- any interruption of impulses transmitted through the heart.
- The ventricles are able to beat without these impulses, but the rate is slower. Consequently, the atria continue to beat at a normal rate, but the ventricles beat slower
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what hormone does the stomach secrete to stimulate acid secretion
gastrin
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what process enables glucose absorbtion from the small intestines into the blood
facilitated diffusion
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where in the GI tract are the digested nutrients mainly absorbed
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what are the functions of the digestive system
breaking down and absorbing nutrients
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what is rumination
consists of regurgitation (returning food to the mouth), remastication (chewing again), reinsalivation, and reswallowing.
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Bloat
failure to remove excess gas from the rumen
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rumen acidosis
a sudden increase in acidity
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why would a sudden diet change from high roughage to a high concentrate kill the ruminant animal...what is happening?
because a sudden acid change from 7 to 5 kills the bacteria in the stomach that digests cellulose. this increase in acid will cause rumen acidosis which inhibits motility of the reticuorumen
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what are the components/jobs of bile
- bile salts- emulsification of fat and aid digestion by pancreatic lipase
- bilirubin-
- cholesterol-
- electrolytes-
- phospholipid lecithin-
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what murmur occurs if the semi lunar valve fails to close during distole because if valvular insufficiency
diastolic
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what is the term that describes a condition which the heart valve cant open completely
Valvular stenosis
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which valve preventsblood from regurgitating from the R ventricle into the R atrium
R AV valve
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why does the atria and the ventricles function as one unit
Cardiac (heart) muscle is striated, mononucleated (single nucleus per cell) and involuntary. Its fibers are interconnected for rapid transmission of impulses
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lidocaine treats what heart condition
ventricular tachycardia
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a patient who has heart enlargement on one side shows what on an ECG
abnormally large S waves and a diminished R wave of the QRS complex
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Heart rate*stroke volume=cardiac output
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what do diretics do to the body
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where does the exchange of substances occur between blood and intersital fluid
capillaries
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what causes the regulation of blood pressure and flow of blood into the capillaries
arterioles regulate blood pressure
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what stimulates bi carbonate secretion by the pancreas
Prostaglandins
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what role does pancreatic lipase play in digestion
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pulmonary circulation route
- right atrium
- right AV valve (tricuspid valve)
- right ventricle
- right semilunar valve (pulmonary valve)
- pulmonary artery
- lungs
- pulmonary vein
- left atrium
- left AV valve (mitral valve)
- left ventricle
- left semilunar valve (aortic valve)
- aorta
- body (arteries)
- arterioles
- capillaries
- venules
- cranial & caudal vena cava
- back to right atrium
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ventricular fibrilation
disorganized, ineffective contraction of ventricular muscle
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