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Define Tricology:
The study of hair.
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What part of the hair is alive?
Cells of the hair bulb (the pupilla)
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What is the primitive hair germ?
Basal layer of the epidermis.
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What is the follicle
Tube like "pocket" called root sheath, out of which the hair will grow.
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The shape of the follicle will determine the (a)__ of the hair shaft?
a) Shape
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The diameter of the hair fiber will be the same as the diameter of the inside of the (a)__
a) Follicle
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What are the 3 shapes that hair generally exist in?
- 1) Round
- 2) Oval
- 3) Elliptical
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Define Hair Root:
The portion if the hair that is inside the hair follicle under the skins surface.
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Define the Hair Fiber, Shaft, or Strand:
The protion of the hair that extends above the skins surface.
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Define Papilla:
Filled with cappillaries that supply nourishment to the cells around it.
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List the 3 major layers of the hair:
- 1) Cuticle: Outer covering of the hair shaft made up of over lapping layers of transparent scales.
- 2) Cortex: 2nd layer consisting of unique protien structures (gives hair color/ pigment, & strength)
- 3) Medulla: Central core of the hair shaft also called the pith or marrow.
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What is the technical term for the oil gland?
Sebaceous
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What is the Acid Mantle?
Sebum (oil) mixes with body's perpiration.
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What is the functipn of the Acid Mantle?
It protects the cuticle of the hair fiber & maintains the acid balance of the hair & skin.
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Where is the Arrector Pili Muscle?
Come from cells in the dermis that attach to the follicle just below the sebacous gland.
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What is the function of the Arrector Pili Muscle?
Causes the hair to stand on end when a person is scared or cold.
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What is Keratinisation?
The process whereby cells change their shape, dry out & form keratin protien, & then form hair fiber or strand & are no longer alive.
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List the following terms in the order that the form the cortex, from largest to smallest.
Macrofibrils << Mirofibrils<< Protofibrals<< Amino Acid Chains
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List the 3 stages of hair growth with a brief description:
- 1) Anagen: (Active stage) 90% of persons hair growth is in this stage, where each hair bulb has an attached root sheath.
- 2) Catogen: (Transitional stage) When cell division stops, this only lasts a few weeks.
- 3) Telogen: (Resting stage) Each hair bulb has no attached root sheath.
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What is the avaerage percentage of hair that is in the Telogen stage?
10-15%
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What is the average growth rate of hair?
1/2" per month.
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List the 3 items that effect hair growth.
- 1) Illness
- 2) Lack of necessary vitamins
- 3) Minerals
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How often are eyelashes & eyebrows replaced?
Every 4-5 months
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List the 3 factors that affect the behavior of hair.
- 1) Heredity
- 2) Environment
- 3) Products or Appliances
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What pigment gives skin & hair its color?
Melanin
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(a)__ is formed by various (b)__ (melanin cells) that bundle together to create (c)__ (pigment protien complex)
- a) Melanin
- b) Melanocytes
- c) Melanosomes
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Eumelanin:
Black/Brown in color
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Pheomelanin:
Red in color
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What is Albinism?
When there is total lack of pigment in the skin & hair.
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Mottled hair is (a)__(a)__
a) Grey hair
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The degree of coursness or fineness in the hair is reffered to as:
Texture
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Define the density of the hair:
The number of active hair follicles per square inch on the scalp.
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What is Porosity?
The ability of the hair to absorb moisture, liquids, & chemicals.
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What is Elasticity?
The ability of the hair to stretch & return to its original shape without breaking.
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Normal dry hair is capable of being stretched about (a)__ of its length.
a) 1/5 (20%)
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Normal wet hair is able to be stretched (a)__ to (a)__ of its length.
a) 40%-50%
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Broken Hair:
(1 of 9 Hair Disorders)
Abraded Hair (A-BRAID-ED Hair)
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Split Ends:
(2 of 9 Hair Disorders)
Fragilitis Crinium (FRAG-ILL-ITES CRY-NI-UM)
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Brittle Hair:
(3 of 9 Hair Disorders)
Trichoptilosis (TRY-COP-TILL-O-SIS)
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Matting:
(4 of 9 Hair Disorders)
Pilica Polonica (PILL-I-KA PO-LAWN-I-KA)
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Knotted Hair (Knodules):
(5 of 9 Hair Disorders)
Trichorhexis Nodosa (TRY-CORE-HEX-ES NO-DOE-SA)
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Grayness/ Whitness of hair:
(6 of 9 Hair Disorders)
Canities (CAN-I-TES)
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Alternating Bands of Grey & Dark hair:
(7 of 9 Hair Disorders)
Ringed Hair
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Excessive Unwanted Hair:
(8 of 9 Hair Disorders)
Hypertrichosis (HYPER-TRY-CO-SIS) OR Hirsuties (HIRE-SUE-TES) OR Superfluous Hair
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Beads or Nodes on hair shaft:
(9 of 9 Hair Disorders)
Monilethrix (MA-NI-LIE-THRIX)
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Dandruff =
Pityriasis (PIT-I-RYE-A-SIS)
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Dry Dandruff =
Pityriasis Capitis (PIT-I-RYE-A-SIS CAP-I-TIS)
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Greasy/ Waxy Dandruff =
Pityriasis Steatoides (PIT-I-RYE-A-SIS STEE-A-TOY-DESS)
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Ringworm =
Tinea (TEA-NEE-A)
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Ringworm of Scalp =
Tinea Capitis (TEA-NEE-A CAP-I-TISS)
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Honey Comb Ringworm =
Tinea Favosa/Favus (TEA-NEE-A FAV-O-SA/ FAV-US)
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Head Lice =
Pediculosis Capitis (PA-DIC-U-LOW-SIS CAP-I-TISS)
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Average number of hairs on head:
Red:
Black:
Brown:
Blonde:
- Red: 90,000
- Black: 108,000
- Brown: 110,000
- Blonde: 140,000
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There is an average of (a)__ hairs to a sq. in. on the average head:
a) 1,000
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Lanugo Hair:
Baby fine, silky hair that is shed shortly after birth.
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Vellus Hair:
Short, fine non-pigmented hair found more often on women.
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Terminal Hair:
Predetermined follicles that produce long, think, pigmented hair.
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What is the average amount of hair shed daily?
40-100 Hairs
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What is Alopecia?
Excessive hair loss
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What can cause Alopecia?
Fungal & Bacterial infection OR inflamitory disease of the scalp.
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What is Androgenetic Alopecia?
Combination of heredity, hormones, & age causes shrinking of follicles.
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Does the number of follicels change with Androgeneic Alopecia?
NO, follicles just shrink.
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Postpartum Alopecia:
Temporary hair loss at the end of pregnancy.
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Alopecia Areata:
Sudden hair loss of hair in round or irregular patches.
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Telogen Effluvium:
Premature shedding of hair in resting stage from childbirth, shock, drugs, fever, etc...
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Traction/ Traumatic Alopecia:
Hair loss due to repetive traction on hair by pulling or twisting.
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What is the purpose of shampooing?
To cleanse scalp & hair by removing dirt, oils, & product.
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What is the importance of draping?
To protect your clients skin & clothing.
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Shampoos with high pH level can make the hair?
Dry & Brittle
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Define: Soft Water & Hard Water.
- Soft Water: Rain water or water that has been chemically treated.
- Hard Water: Contains minerals & doesn't let shampoo lather freely.
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What are the benefits of brushing?
Removes tangles, stimulates blood, removes dust, dirt & product build-up.
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What is scalp massage?
Involoves manipulations preformed on scalp to relax the muscles & stimulate the blood.
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List the 5 basic manipulation of massage:
- 1) Effleurage
- 2) Petrissage
- 3)Tapotement
- 4) Friction
- 5) Vibration
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Why should you not brush the hair prior to chemical service?
To avoid the undisirable penitration of any chemicals into the skin. Brushing opens pores into the dermis.
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