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What are the 7 Characteristics of the vertebral column?
- 33 short bones
- 23 associated discs between vertebraes
- 7 cervical vertebrae
- 12 thoracic vertebrae
- 5 lumbar vertebrae
- 5 fused sacral vertebrae
- 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae
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What are the 2 vertebral curves?
-convex or concave
-how are they formed?
-where are each located?
- Primary Curve (convex & kyphotic): Thorax & Sacral region--from birth
- Secondary Curve (concave & lordotic): Cervical & Lumbar region--forms from movement & gravitational pull
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Facet/apophyseal/zyagophyseal Joint
- union between the superior & inferior articular processes of the vertebrae
- Synovial Joint
- Prevent forward displacement of one vertebreae over another & participate in load bearing
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In the hyperextended position, apophyseal joints bear which percentage of the load?
30%
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When is the highest amount of pressure in the facet joint? During which vertebral motion?
-during which other movement combination does the apophyseal joints bear a significant portion of the load?
- combined torsion, flexion & compression of the vertebrae
- -spine flexion & rotation
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Which 5 ligaments support the posterior portion of the vertebral segment?
- Ligamentum Flavum: elastic ligament that connects adjacent vertebral arches longitudinally (laminae to laminae)
- Suprasinous & Interspinous Ligaments: run from spinaous process to spinous process & resist shear & forward bending of the spine
- Intertransverse Ligaments: connect transverse process to transverse process. (resists lateral trunk bending)
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Where in the vertebrae does flexion occur?
primarily in the lumbar vertebrae through the first 50-60o and is moved into more flexion by a forward pelvic tilt.
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Where int eh vertebrae does extension occur?
- First, posterior pelvic tilt
- Then, lumbar spine extension
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Describe what happens when flexion is FIRST initiated?
-relationship of vertebrae
-which structures absorb the compressive forces
Top vertebrae slides forward on the bottom vertebrae and the vertebrae tilts, placing a compressive force on the anterior portion of the disc. Both ligaments and annulus fibers absorb the compressive forces created.
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Where in the vertebrae does lateral flexion occur?
Mainly in the cervical and lumbar regions
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Lateral Rotation of the vertebrae is often accompanied by which movement?
Flexion
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In which plane does side-to-side translation occur (gliding)
Frontal Plane
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How does superior and inferior translation occur (axial distraction & compression) (which direction)
Vertically
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Which plane does anterior/posterior translation occur in?
Sagittal Plane
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In which plane & axis does side-to side rotation (tilting occur?
Frontal plane around an a-p axis
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In which plane & axis does rotation occur?
Transverse plane around a vertical axis
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In which plane & axis does a-p rotation (tilting) occur
Sagittal plane & frontal axis
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