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The flashcards below were created by user
manisha
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Urease Test is for?
Ability of bacteria to breakdown urea, acid to ammonia (base)
+Test: Chg from red to pink due alkaline
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Citrate utilization Test is for?
Ability of bacteria to use citrate as a source of carbon
+Test: Chg from green to prussian blue
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Lipid Hydrolysis Test is for?
Ability of breakdown of fats / lipids. Enzymes converts lipids to glycerol and fatty acid.
+Test: Spirit blue darker blue around bacteria
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Lactose fermentation test is for?
Ability to convert lactose to glucose with acid production.
+Test: Phenol red changes to Yellow color
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Protozoa: Sarcodinas
move by means of pseudopodia or false-feet. Irregular outer shape!
 - 1. Entamoeba histolytica(diarrhea)
2. Amoeba proteus
3. Naegleria (encephalitis)
4. Acanthamoeba (blindness)
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Protozoa: Ciliata
move by coordinated beating of numerous cilia.
- 1. Balantidium coli (diarrhea)
- 2. Paramecium
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Protozoa: Mastigophora
have flagella that can undulate to propel the organism.
 - 1. Giardia lamblia (diarrhea)
- 2. Trichomonas vaginalis (vaginitis)
- 3. Trypanosoma (african sleeping sickness)
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Protozoa: Sporozoa
intracellular parasites and don't move in adult stage. Some have motile stages.
- 1. Plasmodium species (malaria)
 - 2. Taxoplasma gondil (sickle)
 - CYSTS - do not move, resistant structures to allow organism to survive drying and severe conditions!
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Hydrogen sulfide test is for? and uses what agar?
- In Kliger's Iron Agar
- Cystiene maybe broken down to generate pyruvic acid and releasing H2S. (anaerobic respiration use S as final e- acceptor)
- + Test:
black percipitate form iron sulfide
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Mannitol fermentation test is for?
Ability to convert mannitol to glucose with acid production of acidic products
+ Test:the phenol red changes color to yellow
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Sucrose fermentation test is for?
ability to convert sucrose to glucose with production of acidic products
+ Test:the phenol red changes color to yellow
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Glucose fermentation test is for?
the ability to ferment glucose with production of acidic product and gas
+ Test:the phenol red changes color to yellow
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Starch hydrolysis test is for?
Enzyme called amylase converts starch to glucose for energy production.
+ Test: After Iodine dropped it will react with starch, but will show lack of color around the bacterial growth.
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Nitrase (nitrate reduction) test is for?
Ability to reduce nitrate.
+ Test: Add Reagent A&B to form red color which is nitrite
If no red, then dust ZINC Powder to produce nitrite.
If no red, then indicate reduction for other products than nitrate
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Esculin hydrolysis test is for? (Bile esculin test)
Ability to breakdown carbohydrate esculin.
+ Test: production of BLACK product from breakdown of esculin
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Tryptophan hydrolysis test is for? (INDOLE test)
Identifying bacteria that contains enzyme tryptophanase which converts tryptophan to pyruvic acid and indole.
+ Test: After adding Kovak's reagent Red color is Kovak's layer
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Voges Proskauer test is for?
Fermentation in MR-VP broth with production of non acidic products butanediol
Add Barritt's reagent A&B (Vogse Proskauser)
+ Test: RED color is formed
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Catalase test is for?
presence of catalase in the bacterium
Add Hydrogen Peroxide to isolated bacteria
+Test: Gas bubbles
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Methyl Red test is for?
fermentation in VP-MR broth with producton of VERY acidic mix lower than pH 5
+ Test: Add Methyl Red, red color remains after one drop.
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FUNGI: Ascomycetes or ascomycotina
Spores in sacs (looks like a pea pod or stacked rocks)
- 1. Pezziza species
SEXUAL and Asexual structures
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FUNGI: Basidomycetes or basidomycotina
Spores rising from supporting cell (structure) call basidium - cubiodal shape with the hype scattered on top.
- 1. Coprinus (looks like a flower with specks)
SEXUAL and Asexual structures
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FUNGI: Zygomycetes or zycomycotina
Spore (a zygote) formed between the mating hyphi
- 1. Rhizopus (looks like two bulbs/ rods with dark round zygote in the middle)
SEXUAL structure
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FUNGI: Deuteromycetes or deuteromycotina
Non Sexual Spores - smaller rounded cells associated at the end of arial hyphae
1. Pencillin 
2. Aspergillus
(both are cubish shape with hyphae hairs at 40x)
ASEXUAL
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How do fungal cells obtain their nutrients?
How do protozoan cells feed?
Fungal cell land on with enzymes then digest (nonphotosythetic)
Protozoans engulf their food (endocytosis)
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Why do fungi mainly cause skin and respiratory disease?
Spores are airborne --
- Inhalation >> respiratory disease
- Land on skin >> skin disease
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What disease are caused by feces in water?
- 1. Cholera
- 2. Shigellosis
- 3. Hepatitis A
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What information is obtained by using EMB plate?
EMB (eosin methyl blue) confirms the bacteria is e.Coli
Also - do a gram stain - negative rod to confirm.
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What method can be used to find MPN of e.Coli?
Pour plate or Spread plate can deterimine the most probable number (MPN).
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What is the importance of boiling the preparation of yogurt?
Boiling kills the other organism, the you add the bacteria you want.
Also it avoids it from smelling bad!
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3 Roles Microbes play in our food?
1. Part of the food
2. Making the food (eg: yogurt)
3. By-standard (bacteria can drop in food - but are harmless)
and sometimes pathogenic.
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