The flashcards below were created by user
anubis_star
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Burtorphanol
Torbugesic ®
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Clindamycin Hydrochloride
Antirobe ®
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Amoxicillin Trihydrate and Clavulanate Potassium
Clavamox ®
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Milbemycin Oxime
Interceptor ®
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Ampicillin and Sulbactam
Unasyn ®
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Prednisolone
Solu-Delta-Corted ®
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Glycopyrrolate
Robinul V ®
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Glucosamine and Chondroitin
Cosequin ®
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Methylprednisolone Acetate
Depo Medrol ®
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Telazol ®
Tiletamine and zolazepam
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Which microscope objective is used to examine a fecal float
10x
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Which microscope objective is used to examine a fecal cytology
100x
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Which microscope objective is used to examine a urinary sediment final analysis
40x
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Which microscope objective is used to examine a fecal direct (ID Giardia)
40x
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Which microscope objective is used to examine a gram stained slide
100x
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Which microscope objective is used to examine a WBC differential
40x
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Which microscope objective is used to examine a RBC morphology and platelet estimate on blood smear
100x
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How much oxygen does a full E tank hold?
2000-2200 PSI
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Preventing pain before the onset is called __________ analgesia
Pre-emptive analgesia
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A neuroleptanalgesic is a combo of ____________
A tranquilizer and an opiod
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Captive turtles require what kind of light? And why?
- Sunlight OR UV light
- to Synthesize Vit D
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Snuffles
- Respiratory infection in rabbits
- Caused by Pasteurella multocida
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Cranial landmark of the abdomen
Xiphoid Process
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Urinary crystal that looks like a coffin lid
Struvite
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Urinary crystal that looks like a crossed square
Calcium oxalate dihydrate
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Urinary crystal that looks like a thorn apple
Ammonium Biurate crystal
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Urinary crystal that looks like yellow/gold needles (can be normal in canine urine)
Bilirubin crystals
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Urinary crystal that looks like picket fence posts
Hippuric Acid
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A fixed urine specific gravity is between ____________
1.008 and 1.012
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Caudal landmark for a thorax
Xiphoid process
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On a V/D abdomen, which kidney is higher?
The right kidney is higher
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Vertebral formula for a dog
c7 t13 l7 s3 ca3-24
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Vertebral formula for a horse
c7 t18 l6 s5 ca15-21
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An underexposed film is too (dark/light)
light
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A thoracic radiograph should be taken on (inspiration/expiration)
Inspiration
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Cranial limit for a lateral abdomen
Diaphragm
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Air shows up _______ on a radiograph
black
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An extremity (<10cm) should be radiographed table top or bucky?
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Air is radiolucent or radiopaque?
Radiolucent
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Barium is radiolucent or radiopaque?
Radiopaque
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A dark radiograph is over or under exposed?
Over
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Would you increase or decrease your mAs or Kvp for an under exposed radiograph?
Increase
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Why are bodie cavities (>10cm) radiographed using a bucky or grid?
To reduce excess scatter
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Common name for laminitis in a horse
Founder
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Volvulus (intestinal volvulus producing colic)
Obstruction caused by twisting
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20% =
20% = 20 grams/ 100 ml
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4 things a drug is used for
- 1. treat disease
- 2. curing disease
- 3. diagnosis
- 4. prevention
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half life
amount of time for half of given dose to be rendered inactive or eliminated
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Maine route for drug elimination
- Kidney
- Followed by:
- Biliary system
- Intestines
- Lungs
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definition of x-rays
a form of electromagnetic radiation. Wavelength is shorter then visible light
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Two characteristics of electromagnetic radiation
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x-ray absorption is dependent on
- Atomic number
- Density of object
- Energy of x-ray
- (lower density needs lower energy)
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MPD
- Maximum permissible dose
- Measures the max dose a person may be exposed to in a given amount of time
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Absorbed dose
- Amount of energy transmitted by decreased ionizing x-rays to matter
- Gy *gray) or cGy (centigray)
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Does equivalent
- Amount of radiation equal to the absorbed dose in the tissue
- Sv (sievert) or Rem (Roentgen)
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Radiology limit
Parts of the body that need to be visible in film
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Radiology landmarks
Parts of the body that you can see or palpate to make sure the proper limits are included
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Thorax limits
- Thoracic inlet
- Diaphragm
- Dorsal spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae
- Sternum
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Thorax landmarks
- Manubrium
- Xiphoid process
- Dorsal Spinous Process of the Thoracic vertebrae
- Sternum
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Abdomen limits
- Diaphragm
- Pelvic inlet
- DSP of the lumbar vertebrae
- Abdominal wall
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Abdomen landmarks
- Xiphoid process
- Wings of the ileum
- DSP of the lumbar vertebrae
- abdominal wall
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Whole body limits
- Thoracic inlet
- Pelvic inlet
- DSP of thoracic or lumbar vertebrae
- sternum or abdominal wall
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Whole body landmarks
- Manubrium
- wings of the ilium
- DSP of the lumbar vertebrae
- Sternum or abdominal wall
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Pelvis limits
- pelvic inlet
- ischiatic tuberosity
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pelvis landmarks
- wings of the ilium
- ischiatic tuberosity
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Cervical spine landmarks
- wings of the atlas
- Cranial part of the dorsal tips of the scapula
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Thoracic spine limits
- Cranial part of the dorsal tip of the scapula
- 13th rib
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Lumbar spine landmarks
- 13th rib
- Wings of the ilium
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T/L junction landmarks
- 13th rib and count cranial 9/10
- 13th rib and count caudal to L3
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5 steps to processing film
- 1. developing
- 2. rinsing/stop bath
- 3. fixing
- 4. washing
- 5. drying
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what equals mAs?
ma X s = mAs
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The _____ the ma, the lower the s
Higher
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5 tissues most sensitive to radiation
- Gonads
- Thyroids
- Lens of the eye
- Skin and intestinal epithelium
- blood-forming organs
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high contrast
Black to white
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low contrast
shades of grey
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slow speed film
- increased detail
- Increased radiation
- decreased sensitivity
- decreased crystal size
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Fast speed film
- decreased detail
- decreased radiation
- increased sensitivity
- increased crystal size
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4 parts to a film
- 1. base
- 2. reflective layer
- 3. phosphor crystal layer
- 4. protective coat
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Layers of a cassette
- cassette top
- top padding
- intensifying screen
- film
- intensifying screen
- bottom padding
- lead foil
- cassette bottom
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5 main object densities from least to most
- air
- fat
- tissues
- bone
- enamel and metal
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An overexposed film, change _______ first
Time
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An underexposed film, change ________ first
mA
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new ma =
Old s denominator X new mAs
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what does FVRCP stand for
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus, Panleukopenia
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What does DHLPP stand for
- Distemper
- Hepatitis
- Leptospirosis
- Parvovirus
- Parainfluenza
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Canine TPR
- 101.5 +/-1 degree F
- 70-180 BPM
- 10-30 RPM
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Feline TPR
- 101.1 +/- 1 degree F
- 110-240 BPM
- 20-30 RPM
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Active immunity
Body produces abds in response to ags
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passive immunity
abs are acquired by body, not produced
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structural organization (in order) of the body
- cell
- tissues
- organ
- organ system
- organism
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7 step process of virus replication
- attachment
- penetration
- uncoating
- latent period
- virus replication
- virus assembly
- virus release
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Canine distemper
- CDV
- Hard pad disease
- contagious viral disease
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Canine infectious hepatitis
CAV-1
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Canine Parvovirus
- CPV
- Virus, causes acute, severe gastroenteritis in dogs
- myocardial form that occurs in neonates 1-3 weeks old
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Equine TPR
- 99-101 degrees F
- 30-40 BPM
- 10-20 RPM
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Equine dental formula
2 (I 3/3 C 0-1/0-1 P 3-4/3 M 3/3)
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Equine breeding season
Seasonally polyestrus
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Equine estrus length
21 days
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Equine heat period
7 days
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Equine gestation
335-340 days
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Bovine vertebral formula
c7 t13 l6 s5 cy18-20
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bovine dental formula
2 (I0/4 C 0/0 P 3/3 M 3/3)
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Bovine breeding season
Polyestrus
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Bovine estrus length
21 days
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bovine heat period
18 hours
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bovine gestation
285 days
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Equine GI tract
- lips
- teeth
- esophagus
- stomach
- Small intestine
- Ileocecal junction
- cecum
- cecocolic junction
- colon
- ventral colon
- pelvic flexure
- dorsal colon
- descending colon
- rectum
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Rumen stomach
- Reticulum (1st compartment)
- rumen (2nd compartment)
- Omasum (3rd compartment)
- Abomasum (4th compartment)
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- Scapula
- Scapulohumeral joint - shoulder
- humerus
- humeroradioulnar joint - elbow
- olecranon - end of ulna
- radius/ulna fused
- carpus - knee
- accessory carpal bone - LATERAL
- metacarpal bones medial to lateral:
- Metacarpal 2, metacarpal 3, metacarpal 4
- Medial splint bone, cannon bone, lateral splint
- metacarpophalangeal joint - fetlock
- proximal sesamoid bones
- P1 - long pastern - proximal phalanx
- proximal interphalangeal joint - pastern
- P2 - short pastern - middle phalanx
- distal interphalangeal joint - coffin joint
- P3 - distal phalanx - coffin bone
Navicular sesamoid bones
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- Coxofemoral joint - hip
- Femur
- Patella
- Femorotibial joint - stifle
- tibia
- tarsus - hock
- calcaneous tuberosity - LATERAL
- metatarsals medial to lateral:
- 2, 3, 4
- medial splint, cannon, lateral splint
- Everything distal same as forelimb
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3 routine equine arteries
- Transverse facial a.
- Submandibular a.
- Lateral dorsal metatarsal a.
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equine mm
pale pink normal
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equine CRT
< or equal to 2 sec
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equine triangle of the neck
- nuchal ligaments
- cervical vertebrae
- scapula
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3 places for an equine IM injection
- Pectorals
- Neck triangle
- semimembranosus/semitendinosus
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Anticholinergics
- Atropine sulfate
- Glycopyrrolate
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Phenothiazine tranquilizers
Acepromazine
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Benzodiazepine tranquilizers
- Diazepam
- Midazolam
- Zolezapam
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Alpha-2 agonists
- Xylazine
- Medetomidine
- Dexmedetomidine
- Detomidine
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Alpha-2 antagonists
- Yohimbine
- Atipamezole
- Tolazoline
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Pure agonist opioid
- Morphine
- Hydromorphone
- Oxymorphone
- Fentanyl
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Mixed agonist/antagonist opioid
Butorphanol
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Partial agonist opioid
Buprenorphine
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Pure opioid antagonist
Naloxone
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Muscle relaxant
Guaifenesin
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Triple drip
- 1st Xylazine - sedation and analgesia
- 2nd Guaifenesin - muscle relaxant
- 3rd Ketamine - recumbency
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Low to high solubility inhalants
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Increased MAC = _________ potent
Decreased
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