bio100 exam4

Circulation of air in a Hadley Cell, water gets heavy and all falls, and moves up and comes back and repeats the process.

Temperature and level of moisture

The plant, animal, and bacterial life plus the physical and chemical environment in a certain area

Temperature cues seasonally appropriate tasks such as mating or producing flowers in the spring time, rising temp. interfere with these natural rhythms.

The theory that free-living prokaryotic cells engulfed other free-living prokaryotic cells billions of years ago, forming eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts

• 1. Monotremes: egg-laying
• 2. Marsupials: pouched animals
• 3. Eutherians: Placenta

Distinctive teeth, mammary glands, hair, highly developed brain, extended care for the young

Only birds have feathers, the embryo is enclosed in a membrane called amnion, they are adapted to fly

Pupil shape, head shape, color pattern.

4

Turtles and tortoises, lizards and snakes, Crocodiles and alligators.

Tough scaly skin, water conserving kidneys, amniote eggs, don’t rely on water for respiration

Most lay eggs in water, inefficient lungs, and skin serves as respiratory organ

Frogs and toads, salamanders, caecilians

• 1. Lung Fishes: able to utilize atmospheric oxygen
• 2. Lobe-Finned Fishes: coelacanth- only living species, were believed to be extinct
• 3. Ray-Finned Fishes: includes all common North American fish, Fins supported by flexible rays.

• 1. Skates and rays
• 2. Skarks

• 1. Chondrichthyes: cartilaginous, marine predators, sharks have to be moving in order to breathe. Ex: Sharks, Skates, Rays.
• 2. Osteichthyes: boney, can breathe while sitting still.
• Ex: Bass, bluegill, goldfish.

They dig circle. They have teeth.

Salt water; eat by tying themselves into knots

Jawless fishes

plants

natures decomposers

• Molds: many from mycelia—mats of strands called hyphae, hyphae spread throughout the soil, decaying leaf litter and dead organisms, many associate with plant roots, supplying and receiving nutrients.
• Yeast: single-cell fungi, contribute to tasty food and beverages when they ferment sugars, many live symbiotically with plants and animals.

• Arthropods: invertebrates with a segmented body, hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages; most are insects. Exoskeleton.
• Cnidarians: Ex: Jelly fish. Radial symmetry; aquatic and marine habitat.
• Mollusks: a soft-bodied invertebrate, generally with a hard shell (may be tiny, internal or absent) ex: slug, clam
• Fungi: unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organism that obtains nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes onto organic matter and absorbing the digested product. EX: yeast, molds, mushrooms

• 1. No symmetry: (sponges)
• 2. Radical Symmetry: body plan that Is circular with no clear left and right sides
• 3. Bilateral Symmetry: clear left and right sides, which are mirror images of each other.

Arthropods

• 1. Bryophytes: no seeds, can’t move water through their body, reproduction relies on water, live in damp environments.
• 2. Ferns: no seeds, reproduction relies on water and involves spores.
• 3. Gymnosperms: cell wall of vascular cells support the plant body to great heights, seeds are “naked” typically held in cones, reproduction relies on wind.
• 4. Angiosperm: flowers are important in reproduction, seeds are contained in fruit, reproduction relies on bees and other animals

No

Algae

A eukaryote that cannot be classified as a plant, animal, or fungus; usually unicellular.

• Eukarya: membrane enclosed nucleus and organelles.
• Archaea: found where temps are hottest and where there is no oxygen
• Bacteria: all are prokaryotic, most possess a cell wall