Reproductive System

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  1. Human somatic cells have _______ autosomes and _____ sex chromosomes.
    • 44 Autosomes
    • 2 Sex Chromosomes
  2. XY = Male or Female?
    Male
  3. XX = Male or Female?
    Female
  4. The male & female have a total of ___ chromosomes.
    • 46
    • 44 autosomes & 2 sex chromosomes
  5. The males sperm when produced are split 50% to contain what?
    • 50 % X chromoses
    • 50 % Y chromosomes
  6. _________ is the process by which sperm & ova produced in the male & female and reduced by half.
    Gametogenesis
  7. Ovaries also act as a _______ gland in producing hormones.
    Endocrine
  8. _______ occurs when the gamete cells fuse together and restore the chromosome number to 46.
    Fertilization
  9. The fetus sex is determined at ____.
    Fertilization
  10. What is an oocyte?
    Egg
  11. Ovaries produce :
    Ooscytes & Hormones
  12. What transports eggs from the ovaries to the uterus?
    Uterine Tubes
  13. Where does fetal development occur?
    Uterus
  14. What canal is the fetus delivered through?
    The vagina or birth canal
  15. What is the external genitalia of the female called?
    Vulva
  16. What glands produce milk?
    Mammary
  17. Name the layers of the ovaries:
    • Germinal Epithelium peritoneal membrane covering the ovary (most outer)
    • Capsule for protection on the outside dense connective tissues
    • Cortex contains folliclles with egg/ oocyte cells
    • Medulla provides nutrients via blood vessels & lymphatic tissues (middle)
  18. Where do oocytes develope?
    inside the ovarian follicles in the ovaries
  19. What are the 5 stages of ovarian follicles?
    • Primordial
    • Primary
    • Secondary
    • Graffian
    • Ovulation
  20. Describe the primordial follicle:
    tiny ball of Single layer of squamous cells around an oocyte
  21. Describe the Primary follicle :
    Many layers of cuboidal granulosa cells around the oocyte
  22. During what phase does and follicle become an endocrine cell?
    Primary
  23. What do the granulosa cells secrete?
    Estrogens
  24. Describe the Secondary Follicle:
    Antral cavity filled with antral fluid (or follicular fluid)
  25. Describe the Graffian Follicle:
    mature & ready to ovulate the oocyte
  26. Describe the Ovulation follicle:
    Follicle ruptures releasing oocyte
  27. What hormone influences the graafian follicle to ovulate?
    LH (Leuteninzing Hornone)
  28. What is the Corpus Luteum?
    • what the empty follicle becomes after ovulation
    • This is the seond Endocrine gland of the ovarary
  29. What 4 hormones does the corpus luteum secrete:
    • Progesterone
    • Estrogens
    • Relaxin
    • Inhibin
  30. Name the white scar tissue left after the corpus luteum dies:
    Corpus Albicans
  31. What does progesterone do?
    completes the preparation of the uterine lining for possible inplantation of oocyte
  32. What do Estrogens do?
    • work with progesterone to grow & repair uterine lyning
    • Female sex hormones
  33. What does Relaxin do?
    • Relaxes the uterine muscles as to not expell the oocyte
    • Pubic symphysis
  34. What does Inhibin do?
    • Inhibits the secretion of FSH & LH
    • from antierior pituitary
  35. How long does the corpus luteum last in a pregnant female?
    about 3 months
  36. What is FSH?
    Follicle stimulating hormone
  37. ______ contain oocytes in various stages.
    Ovarian Follicles
  38. What follicle (stage) releases an oocyte each month during ovulation?
    Graffian or mature
  39. The graafian follicle releases estrogen that functions to :
    • grow & repair the uterine lining
    • regulate the monthly cycle
    • produce the secondary sexual charecteristics
    • maintain bone & muscle tissue
  40. What is Ooogenesis?
    the development of the oocyte inside the ovarian follicle
  41. When does oogenesis start?
    • durinf fetal life, millions of oogania are produced by Mitosis,
    • some degenerate and die (atresia)
  42. During fetal life what do the oocytes develp into?
    immature egg cells or Primary Oocytes
  43. How many Primary Oocytes are present @ birth?
    • 200,000 - 2 million
    • 40,000 remian by puberty
  44. How many oocytes mature during a woman's reprodcutive life?
    about 400
  45. Each month apprioximately how many oocytes become secondary oocytes?
    about 20, only one survives to mature and be ovulated from the Graffian follicle
  46. ______ is a 4 inch tube that extends from the ovary to uterus.
    Uterine Tube
  47. ______ is an open, funnel shaped portion near the ovary.
    Infundibulum
  48. _____ are moving finger-like processes.
    • Fimbriae
    • around the ovary, they pick up the egg
  49. ______ is a central wide region of the uterine tube.
    • Ampulla
    • where sperm finds egg
  50. ______ is the narrowest portion of the uterine tube joining the uterus.
    Isthmus
  51. ____ & ___ move the oocyte along the uterine tube in to the ampulla.
    Cilia & peristalsis
  52. Fertilization occurs within what time period following ovulation.
    24 - 48 hours
  53. _____ reaches the uterus about 7 days after ovulation.
    Zygote (fertilized or not)
  54. The uterus is the site for ____ development or ______ if nothing is implanted.
    • Fetal development
    • Menstration
  55. Describe the uterus:
    • 3Wx2Lx1T inches
    • Subdivided into the Fundus, Body, Cervix
    • Contains the uterine cavity that is connected to the cervical & vaginal canals
  56. ____ is the functional layer of the uterus.
    Endometrium
  57. The ____ gland is where the ova is implanted in the uterus.
    Endometrial
  58. The functional layer of the uterus is lines with _____ epithelium.
    simple columnar
  59. The _____ layer replaces the functional layer each month following menstration.
    Basilar
  60. _____ layer of the uterus is made of 3 layers of smooth muscle. They contribute to contraction of the uterus for birth & menstration.
    Myometrium
  61. _____ layer of the uterus covers the entire uterus.
    Visceral Peritoneum Membrane
  62. ___ is an elastic tube extending from the Cervix to the Vestibule.
    Vagina
  63. What are the finctions of the Vagina?
    • receives the penis during intercourse
    • passageway for birth & menstration
  64. Mammary glands are actually modified ____ glands. what do they produce?
    • Sweat
    • milk during lactation
  65. The amount of _______ determines the size of the breast.
    Adipose Tissue
  66. Milk-secreteing glands called ______ open by lactiferous ducts at the nipple.
    Alveoli
  67. Alveoli open by _____ ducts at the nipple.
    Lactiferous
  68. _____ is the pigmented area aorund the nipple.
    Areola
  69. ____ ligments suspend the breast from the deep fascia of the pectoral muscle.
    Suspensory (Cooper's) ligaments
  70. What does Estrogen do for the mammary glands?
    developed the Lactiferous duct system
  71. What do Progesterones do for the mammary gland?
    develope the milk-secreteing glands or Alveoli
  72. What do Prolactins do for the mammary gland?
    stimulates milk synthesis in the alveoli
  73. What do Oxytocins do for the mammary glands?
    stimulates milk EJECTION from the alveoli
  74. Nursing stimulates what endocrine gland to produce oxytocin?
    Hypothalmus
  75. Oxytocin is secreted from where ?
    posterior pitutary where it is also stored
  76. What type of muscle tissure is around the alveoli to contract and squueeze milk out?
    smooth
  77. The milk ejection system works on what type of feedback?
    POSITIVE
  78. The females monthly hormone cycle involves what glands?
    Hypothalmus, Anterior Pituitary, Ovary
  79. What stuctures undergo change in the female during the monthly cycle?
    Ovary & Uterus
  80. What changes occure in the Ovarian Cycle?
    Follicle Development & after maturation, ovulation
  81. What changes occure in the Uterine monthly cycle?
    • uterine endometrium
    • shedding of the functional layer of the endothelium during menstration
  82. Gonadal Releasing Hormone (GnRD) is secreted by what?
    Hypothalymus
  83. GnRH stimulates what to secrete FSH & LH?
    ANTERIOR Pituitary
  84. FSH & LH stimulate what cyclic secretion of estrogens & progesterones?
    Ovarian cycle
  85. Estrogens & Progesterones from the ovaries drive what change in the uterine cycle?
    Endometrial Changes
  86. Granulosa cells secrete what 2 hormones?
    Estrogens & Inhibin
  87. What does Inhibin do?
    Inhibits the release of FSH, this prevents the cylce from starting over @ that time.
  88. What does increased production of LH do ?
    rupture of the Grafian Follicel & release of oocytefrom ovary into the fallopian tube.
  89. Once the oocyte is released from the ovary what picks it up?
    Fimbraie of the fallopian tube
  90. What occurs during the Follicular phase of the Ovarian cycle?
    Follicular =FHS causes the follicle to grow and mature, the granulosa cells also grow and produce estrogens & Inhibin
  91. What occurs during the Ovulation phase of the Ovarian cycle?
    LH causes the Grafian follicle to rupture and release the oocyte
  92. What occurs during the Luteal phase of the Ovarian cycle?
    LH develops the Corpus Luteum from the remains of the ruptered Grafian follicle, it secretes mostly progestrone and some estrogens, which prepare the uterine lining for a possible pregnancy

Card Set Information

Author:
 saraherin
ID:
 119899
Filename:
 Reproductive System
Updated:
2011-12-12 01:18:03
Tags:
Reproductive
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Description:
A & P II
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