Freshman Language and Comp Semester 1 Lesson 1 Study Guide

A NOUN is a word or word group that is used to name a person, place, thing or an idea.

A PROPER NOUN names a particular person, place, thing or idea and is capitalized.

A COMMON NOUN names any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas and is generally not capitalized.

A CONCRETE NOUN names a person, place, or thing that can be perceived by one or more of the senses ( sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell ).

An ABSTRACT NOUN names an idea, a feeling, a qualit, or a characteristic.

A COMPOUND NOUN consists of two or more words used together as a single noun. The parts of a COMPOUND NOUN may be written as one word, as seperate words, or as a hyphenated word.

A PRONOUN is a word that is used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns.

A PERSONAL PRONOUN refers to the one speaking ( First Person ), the one spoken to ( Second Person ), or the one spoken about ( Third Person ).

I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours, you, your, yours, he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs.

A REFLEXIVE PRONOUN refers to the subject of a sentence and functions as a complement or as an object of a preposistion.

An INTENSIVE PRONOUN emphasizes its antecedent and has no grammatical function.

A DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN is used to point out a specifc person, place, thing, or idea.

An INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN introduces a question.

Who, whom, which, what, whose.

A RELATIVE PRONOUN introduces a subordinate clause.

That, which, who, whom, whose.

An ADJECTIVE is a word that is used to modify a noun or pronoun.

When THIS, THAT, THESE, AND THOSE modify nouns or pronouns they are called DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES.

When THIS, THAT, THESE, AND THOSE take the place of a noun or pronoun, they are called DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.

A VERB is a word that is used to express action or a state of being.

A TRANSITIVE VERB is a verb that expresses an action directed toward a person, place, or thing. The action expressed by a TRANSITIVE VERB passes from the doer-the subject-to the receiver of the action.

An INTRANSITIVE VERB expresses action ( or tells something about the subject ) without the action passing to a receiver, or object.

An ACTION VERB expresses either physical or mental action. ACTION VERBS can be transitive or intransitive.

A VERB PHRASE consists of at least one main verb and one or more helping verbs. A HELPING VERB helps the main verb express action or a state of being.

An ADVERB modifies a verb, an adjective, or another ADVERB.

A PREPOSITION is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to another word.

A CONJUNCTION is a word that joins words or word groups.

A COORDINATING CONJUNCTION joins words or word groups that are used in the same way.

And, but, or, nor, for, yet, so.

A CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION are pairs of conjunctions that join words or word groups that are used in the same way.

both...and not only...but also either...or neither...nor whether...or