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- Black Hills Spruce
- - Small cones, 1 to 2.5" long
- - Pale green or dull blue-green needles
- - Buds are rouned chestnut brown scales, blunt, free of resin
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- Red Pine
- - Two needles per fasicle, dense
- - Needles are slender
- - Buds ovoid to narrow conical, about 1/2" long, often covered in resin
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- Red Pine
- - Two needles per fasicle, dense
- - Needles are slender
- - Buds ovoid to narrow conical, about 1/2" long, often covered in resin
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- Austrian Pine
- - Two needles per fasicle
- - Dense needle population, needles stiff, thicker and denser than red pine.
- - buds are white, cylyndrical, sharp point
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- White Pine
- - Five needles per fascicle
- - Needles are slender, soft to touch. White stomatic lines on the inner surfaces
- - Buds are ovoid with a sharp point, 1/4 " long with some resin
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- Colorado Spruce
- - Needles mostly spread all around stem, stout, rigid, prickly. Dull green to bluish or silvery white
- - Buds broadly conical to nearly spherical, not resinous
- - Cones are sylyndrical but slighty narrowed at each end, 2" to 4" long
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- Ponderosa Pine
- - 3 needles per fascicle, sometimes 2, Rigid, crowded on branchlets
- - Buds are oblong, cylindrical, resinous, reddish brown
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- Norway Spruce
- - needles on upper side of stem pointing forwards, those on lower side spreading right and left exposing stem
- - Needles are 1.2 to 1" long, stiff, blunt, 2 or 3 stomatic lines
- - Buds are reddish or light broun, not resinous.
- Large cones, 4 to 6" long.
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- Hemlock
- - Needles spirally arranged, more or les 2-ranked, flat, with 2 white stomatic bands underneath
- - Buds are rounded, and not resinous
- - Needles on this specimen look almost flat to either side of the stem
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- Hemlock
- - Needles spirally arranged, more or les 2-ranked, flat, with 2 white stomatic bands underneath
- - Buds are rounded, and not resinous
- - Needles on this specimen look almost flat to either side of the stem
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- Mugo Pine
- - Two needles per fascicle
- - rigid, curved needles, medium to dark green. Stomatic lines on both surfaces.
- - Buds are oblong ovoid, reddish brown encrusted with resin
- - cones are ovoid, 1 to 2" long
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- Black Spruce
- - Needles are 4-sided, dull bluish green.
- - Cones are small, 3/4" to 1 1/5" long
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- Yew
- - Needles are densly set, in 2 ranks on either side of stem.
- - Glossy dark green above, paler green beneath.
- - Winter buds are small and scaly
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- Scotch Pine
- - 2 needles per fascicle, stiff, twisted
- - Buds are oblong-ovate, pointed, reddish brown, resinous
- - 1.5" to 3" long gray or dull brown, ovoid-conic
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- Balsam Fir
- - Needles flat needle-like, ½–1" long, dark green above often with a small patch of stomata near the tip, and two white stomatal bands below,
- - a slightly notched tip. They are arranged spirally on the shoot, but with the leaf bases twisted to appear in two more-or-less horizontal rows.
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- Douglasfir
- - Needles have a v-shaped arrangement between two lateral sets.
- -Needles are straight, thin, shining green. to blue-green, 2 white bands below.
- - Buds are ovoid -conical, shining chestnut brown, resinous at base.
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- Concolor Fir
- - Needles curve outwards and upwards, flat, claucous on both surfaces, rounded tips
- - Buds are large, broadly conical,e blunt. Covered with resin, light brown scales.
- - Needles have blue tint, but softer than colorado blue spruce.
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