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proficiency in a task; ability in an activity
ex. Ability to administer own glucose test
competence
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experiencing information by touching, feeling, doing
kinesthetic learning
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these are examples of ______ type of learning
Role playing, games, rewriting, short lecture to try new methods, workbooks, lab manuals etc.
kinesthetic learning
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________ identify assumptions, ask questions, evaluate evidence, examine alternatives, and seek to
understand various points of views
critical thinkers
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what are priorities of care for a client focused on?
clients current health status
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state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
health
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Balance equilibrium; balance of stability that the body
strives to achieve among these aspects of a persons life by continuous adaptation
homeostasis
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lifestyle design that helps maintain the highest potential for personal health, a choice, responsibility
wellness
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care of the whole person including physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects
holism
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when members of a minority group are absorbed by the dominant culture taking on characteristics of the
dominant culture
cultural assimilation
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assumption of cultural superiority and inability to accept another culture’s ways, results in oppression.
ethnocentrism
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Responsibility of nurse if you suspect you co-worker is
taking narcotics:
*Board of nursing requires nurses to REPORT impaired coworkers.
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3 things to do when a coworker is suspected of abusing drugs or alcohol the nurse should:
1. Document dates and times and observed behavior
2. Report it to the supervisor
3. DO NOT approach or confront coworker yourself
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Integrated dynamic structure of knowledge, attitudes,
behavior, beliefs, ideas, habits, customs, languages, values, symbols, rituals, and ceremonies unique to a particular group of people.
culture
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Primary focus of interdisciplinary team in caring for a client:
- Focus on the CLIENT and FAMILY is an essential
- component of the rehabilitation process
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learning domain that involves attitudes, beliefs, and
emotions; used in making judgments.
Ex: client begins to accept lifestyle changes
affective
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learning domain that involves intellectual
understanding. learning involving facts and data. Used in decision-making and problem solving.
Ex: client states possible complications
cognitive
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learning domain that involves performance of motor skills. Used in physical application of
knowledge. Ex: Client uses glucose monitor
psychomotor/reflective
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What does Client education focus on:
ability to practice healthy behaviors
ability to care for self
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4 things client education may do:
1. Improve quality of care
2. Improve compliance with treatment regimens
3. Decrease length of hospital stay
4. Decrease chance of hospital readmission
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Primary source of data:
client
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secondary source of data
family members, health care provider, medical record
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Steps of nursing process
ADPIE
assessment, diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
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systematic collection, verification, organization, interpretation, and documentation of data. involves data collection, validation, organization, interpretation,
and documentation.
Assessment
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PURPOSE OF ASSESSMENT:
GIVE NURSE INFORMATION ABOUT:
ABILITY, BEHAVIORS, STRENGTHS, AND SKILLS THE CLIENT CAN USE DURING TREATMENT AND RECOVERY PROCESS
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3 types of assessment
- comprehensive
- focused
- ongoing
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type of assessment that involves BASELINE DATA, HEALTH HISTORY, and CURRENT NEEDS ASSESSMENT
comprehensive
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type of assessment that involves LIMITED TO POTENTIAL HEALTH CARE RISKS, PARTICULAR NEED OR HEALTH CONCERN
focused
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type of assessment that involves SYSTEMATIC MONITORING OF SPECIFIC PROBLEMS.
ongoing
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involves analysis (breaking down of parts) and synthesis (putting parts together) of collected data.
diagnosis
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3 types of nursing Dx, also explain.
- 1. Actual: problem exists. (Ex. Acute pain R/T
- surgical incision…..)
2. Risk: potential problem. (Ex: Risk for…..)
- 3. Wellness: desire to attain higher level of
- wellness. (Ex: readiness for…..)
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outcome identification for proposed course of nursing action to resolve nursing Dx and developing plan of client care
planning
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performance of nursing intervention identified during planning stage
implementation
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determines weather client needs have been met, partially met, or not met.
evaluation
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data from client’s (sometimes family) point of view that include perceptions, feelings, concerns.
subjective
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Primary method of collecting subjective data?
interview
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HA, nausea, Dizziness are examples of ______ data
subjective
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observable and measurable data that are obtained through both standard and physical examine.
objective
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Results from lab tests, flushed face, and ability to move arms are examples of ______ data
objective
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Alfaro-Lefevre approach to prioritizing nursing diagnosis, what is the 1st focus?
1st level priority problems (immediate)
- Airway
- Breathing
- Signs (vital signs problems)
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Nonspecific response to any demand on the body
stress
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any situation, event or agent that produces stress; Neutral.
stressor
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type of stress resulting in positive outcomes
eustress
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the way the body responds to stressors affecting the functioning of the body may involve the entire body
(GAS) or only a specific area (LAS)
internal stress
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stressors evoking an ineffective response
distress
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inner force an individual uses to respond or adapt to stress
adaptive energy
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what may result when a person uses all his adaptive energy?
illness, disease, or death may result, as he is nolonger able to adapt
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3 stages of General Adaptation Syndrome
- 1. crises or alarm
- 2. fight or flight
- 3. exhaustion
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GAS stage that readies a person to handle itself
from stress; cool, pale skin, sweating
stage 1 = crises or alarm
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GAS stage when the body attempts to defend
itself
Stage 2 = fight or flight
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GAS stage involved with prolonged overwhelming
stress
stage 3 = exhaustion
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Stages of maslows hierarchy of needs from bottom to top
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What are some health problems that are considered to be stress related?
- Arrhythmias
- Asthma
- Back pain
- DM
- Eating disorders
- Eczema
- Psoriasis
- HA
- Hives
- Emphysema
- Ulcers
- Weight gain
- Hypertension
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any situation potential, actual, or perceived, wherein a valued object or person is changed or not accessible to
the individual.
loss
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type of loss involving:
a child is lost in the woods
Theft of property
Death of a loved one.
actual loss
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type of loss example dealing with a DM client faced with
having a foot amputated
anticipatory loss
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type of loss involving a toddler who loses the bottle after learning to drink from a glass
maturational
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loss that takes place in response to external events
generally beyond the individuals control ex: job loss, stolen car
situational loss
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what are the 3 stages of grief
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stage of grief that may last days – months.
Feelings of emotional numbness rather than physical.
shock
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painful experience begins when individual consciously
realizes full meaning of loss such as anger, guilt, fear, best describes ______ stage of grief
reality
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stage of grief when the loss is INTEGRATED into the
reality of the individual’s life ex. Zumba, going to the beach
recovery
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what are the 4 kinds of grief
- uncomplicated
- anticipatory
- dysfunctional
- disenfranchised
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normal grief. Greif reaction usually following a significant loss is ?
uncomplicated grief
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Occurrence of Grief before an expected loss actually occurs. (ex. Client Dx with stage 4 cancer)
anticipatory grief
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intense grief. Demonstration of persistent pattern of intense grief that does not result in reconciliation of feelings. May need professional counseling to reestablish routine.
dysfunctional grief
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grief not openly acknowledged, socially sanctioned or publicly shared. (ex. Extreme sadness over the loss of a pet)
disenfranchised grief
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Therapies used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies
complimentary therapies
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Therapies used INSTEAD of conventional or mainstream medical modalities
alternative therapies
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never attempt therapeutic massage on clients with?
Never attempt massage in people with aneurysm, varicose veins, phlebitis, DVT, necrosis, inflammation, open wounds, recent surgery
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constructive process of metabolism, wherein new molecules are synthesized & new tissues are formed, as in growth and repair.
anabolism
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destructive process of metabolism, wherein tissues or
substances are broken
catabolism
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taking food into the digestive tract
ingestion
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(chewing) breaking food into fine particles and mixing into enzymes in saliva
mastication
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(swallowing) peristaltic waves and mucus secretions that move food down the esophagus.
deglutation
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coordinated rhythmic contractions of muscles, pushes the bolus through the esophagus.
peristalsis
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2/3 of body water is found in which fluid compartment?
intracellular
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1/3 of body water is found in which fluid compartment?
extracellular
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Hypercholesterolemia results in what?
- Atherosclerosis
- (cardio disease wherein fatty deposits containing cholesterol and other
- substances produce plaque build up)
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Nursing implications and dietary considerations for hypokalemia:
Hypokalemia can cause cardiac arrest
- Potassium Rich foods:
- Banana
- Orange
- Apricot
- Cantaloupe
- Dried fruit
- Avocado
- Carrots
- Baked potato
- Spinach
- Milk
- Yogurt
- Meat
- fish
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What deficiencies might a vegan client who avoids all animal products (dairy & eggs) have?
Calcium, vitamins A & D, B12, proteins
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At what sleep stage are your vitals higher
than when you are awake?
REM
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Required amount of sleep to function well =
7-9 hrs
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period, during sleep, of not breathing following a period of loud snoring
apnea
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medical approach for apnea
CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)
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Maintaining safety for your client is _______
is Highest priority
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Non-harmful micro-organisms:
resident flora
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refers to the ability of a microorganism to produce disease
pathogenicity
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multiplication of microorganisms on or within a host that
does not result in cellular injury
colonization
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frequency with which a pathogen causes disease
virulance
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organisms that only live inside cells and cannot get
nourishment or produce outside cells
virus
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To prevent the transmission of microorganisms:
break chain of infection
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type of immunity that protects individuals from
future invasion. Develops after birth
acquired immunity
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2 types of acquired immunity
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immunity that results from exposure to
disease or vaccine
active
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immunity that utilizes antibodies produced by human being or animal
passive
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body’s reaction to substances identified as nonself, neutralization of antigen
immune response
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Client with extensive burns requires what type of precautions =
reverse isolation
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Disease resulting from uncontrolled growth of cells, which causes malignant cellular tumors
cancer
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term for cancer of the epithelial
carcinoma
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cancer of connective tissue or bone
sarcoma
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cancer of the blood; spleen and bone
marrow
leukemia
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cancer of the lymph nodes
lymphoma
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