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Each half of the cerebrum
Hemisphere
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The "little" brain that coordinates voluntary muscle movements
Cerebellum
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An individual subdivision of the cerebrum that regulates specific functions
Lobe
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The portion of the brain that contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
Diencephalon
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Connects the spinal cord with the brain
Brain stem
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The largest part of the brain
Cerebrum
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The weblike middle meningeal layer
Arachnoid
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Venous channel between the two outermost meninges
Dural sinus
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The innermost layer of the meninges, the delicate membrane in which there are many blood vessels
Pia mater
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The area in which cerebrospinal fluid collects before its return to the blood
Subarachnoid space
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The vascular network in a ventricle that forms cerebrospinal fluid
Choroid plexus
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The projections in the dural sinuses through which CSF is returned to the blood
Arachnoid villi
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The outermost layer of the meninges, which is the thickest and toughest
Dura mater
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A shallow groove that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes
Lateral sulcus
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Masses of gray matter deep within the cerebrum that help regulate body movement and the muscles of facial expression
Basal ganglia
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A band of white matter that carries impulses between the cerebrum and the brain stem
Internal capsule
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An elevated portion of the cerebral cortex
Gyrus
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The thin layer of gray mater on the surface of the cerebrum
Cortex
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A band of myelinated fibers that bridges the two cerebral hemispheres
Corpus Callosum
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The neurotransmitter used by the basal nuclei nuerons
Dopamine
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The portion of the cerebral cortex where visual impulses from retina are interpreted
Occipital lobe
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The portion of the cerebral cortex where auditory impulses are interpreted
Temporal lobe
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Location of a sensory area for interpretation of pain, touch, and temperature
Parietal lobe
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The lobe controlling voluntary muscles
Frontal lobe
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The portion of the brainstem composed of myelinated nerve fibers that connect to the cerebellum
Pons
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The superior portion of the brainstem
Midbrain
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The part of the brain betwiin the pons and the spinal cord
Medulla oblongata
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The region of the diencephalon that acts as a relay center for sensory stimuli
Thalamus
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The region consisting of portions of the cerebrum and diencephalon that is involved in emotional states and behavior
Limbic system
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Nuclei that regulate the contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessel walls
Vasomotor center
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The portion of the brain controlling the autonomic nervous system
Hypothalamus
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Technique that produces a picture of brain activity levels in different parts of the brain
PET
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Technique that measures electric currents in the brain
EEG
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X-ray technique that provides photos of bone, cavities, and lesions
CAT
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Technique used to visualize soft tissue, such as scar tissue, hemorrhages, and tumors that does not use x-rays
MRI
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A motor nerve controlling the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and larynx muscles
Accessory nerve
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The nerve that controls contraction of a single eye muscle
Trochlear
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The nerve that carries visual impulses from the eye to the brain
Optic nerve
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The most important sensory nerve of the face and head
Trigeminal nerve
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The nerve that supplies most of the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Vegas nerve
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The nerve that supplies the muscles of facial expression
Facial nerve
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The nerve that carries sensory impulses for hearing and equilibrium
Vestibulocochlear nerve
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A brain tumor derived from neuroglia
Glioma
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A chronic brain disorder that usually can be diagnosed by EEG
Epilepsy
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Damage to brain tissue caused by a blood clot, ruptured vessel, or embolism
CVA - stroke
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Loss of the power of expression by speech or writing
Aphasia
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A degenerative brain disorder associated with the development of amyloid
Alzheimer disease
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A condition that may result from obstruction of the normal flow of CSF
Hydrocephalus
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Bleeding between the dura mater and the skull
Epidural hematoma
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The general term for inflammation of the brain
Encephalitis
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The shallow groove lying between the frontal and parietal lobe is the:
A. Lateral sulcus
B. Longitudinal fissure
C. Basal nuclei
D. Central sulcus
D. Central sulcus (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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The dura mater is:
A. the innermost lahyer of the meninges
B. the outermost layer of the meninges
C. the network of vessels that produces csf
D. the part of the brain that connects with the spinal cord
B. the outermost layer of the meninges (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Impulses for the sense of taste travel to the:
A. occipital lobe
B. hippocampus
C. parietal lobe
D. temporal lobe
C. parietal lobe (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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The cerebrospinal fluid is formed in the:
A. cerebral aqueduct
B. central sulcus
C. choroid plexus
D. internal capsule
C. choroid plexus (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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The abducens nerve supplies the:
A. face and salivary gland
B. eye
C. ear and pharynx
D. tongue and pahrynx
B. eye (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Multi-infarct dementia is the result of:
A. ischemia (lack of blood supply)
B. infection of the brain coverings
C. accumulation of an abnormal protein
D. obstruction of the flow of CSF
A. ischemia (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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The reticular formation is:
A. the part of the temporal lobe concerned with the sense of smell
B. a region of the limbic system that controls wakefulness and sleep
C. a deep groove that divides the cerebral hemispheres
D. the fifth lobe of the cerebrum
B. a. a region of the limbic system that controls wakefulness and sleep (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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- Compact band of myelinated fibers
- Made up of vertical fibers
- Carries impulses between the cerebral hemisphere and the brain stem
Internal capsule
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- Involved in emotional states and behavior
- Borders between the cerebrum and the diencephalon
- Links the conscious functions of the cerebral cortex and the autonomic functions of the brain stem
Limbic system
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- A connecting link between the cerebellum and thes rest of the nervouse system
- Regulating respiration is a reflex action that is integrated in this
Pons
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Olfactory nerve
I - smell
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Optic nerve
II - eye to brain
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Oculomotor nerve
III - contraction of eye muscles
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Trochlear nerve
IV - one eyeball muscle
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Trigeminal nerve
V - sensory nerve of face and hand
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Abducens nerve
VI - one eyeball muscle
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Facial nerve
VII - muscles of facial expression
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Vestibulocochlear nerve
VIII - Hearing and equilibrium
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Glossopharyngeal nerve
IX - tongue, salivary gland, throat, and swallowing
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Vagus nerve
X - thoracic and abdominal organs, larynx, pharynx
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Accessory nerve
XI - muscles of the neck and the larynx
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Hypoglossal nerve
XII - muscles of the tongue
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What are the main divisions of the brain?
- Cerebrum
- Diencepahlon
- Brain stem
- Cerebellum
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The meninges are protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord. What are the names of the three layers from the outer most to the innermost.
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid
- Pia mater
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What are the four surface lobes of each cerebral hemisphere
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occitital
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Higher functions of the brain occur in a thin layer of gray matter on the surface of thecerebral hemispheres. What is the name of this outer layer of gray matter
Cerebral cortex
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What are the 3 subdivisions of the brain stem
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
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What are the functions of the cerebellum
- - Aids in coordination of voluntary muscles
- - Maintenance of balance, and maintenance of muscle tone
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What type of cells are commonly involved in brain tumors
Neuroglia
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