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CD2
T-Cell Antigen common to all T-cells; (also NK cells)
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CD3
T-cell Antigen complexed with the alpha and beta chains of the TCR; thymocytes, peripheral T cells
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CD4
- T-cell Antigent that's a helper/inducer T-Cell Class II MHC coreceptor
- Helper subset of peripheral T cells, single positive medullary thymocytes, and CD4/CD8 double positive thymocytes
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CD8
- T-cell Antigen that's cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell Class I MHC coreceptor
- cytotoxic subset of peripheral T cells, single positive medullary thymocytes, double positive coritcal thyocytes, and some NK cells
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TCR
T-cell Antigen and a T-cell receptor; antigen binding (single paratope)
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CD19
- B-cell antigent that deals with signal transduction; (B-cell co-receptor
- NOT expressed on plasma cells
- marrow pre-B cells and mature B cells
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CD20
- B-cell antigen characteristic surface antigen of normal and malignant B-cells
- marrow pre-B cells after CD19 and mature B cells
- NOT plasma cells
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CD21
B-cell antigen that's complement C3b receptor; (B-cell co-receptor); EBV "receptor;" present on mature B cells and follicular dendritic cells
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CD32
B-cell antigen Fc receptor for IgG
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CD81
B-cell antigen that's TAPA-1; (B-cell co-receptor)
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sIgM
B-cell antigen (monomeric); antigen binding (2 identical paratopes)
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CD11c
- primarily monocyte/macrophage associated
- granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages; also expressed by hairy cell leukemias
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CD16
NK cells and granulocytes
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CD56
NK cels and subset of T cells
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Immediate (type 1) hypersensitivity
- Prototype Disorder: anaphylaxis; allergies; bronchial asthma (atopic forms)
- Immune Mechanisms: production of IgE antibody -> immediate release of vasoactive amines and other mediators from mast cells; recruitment of inflammatory cells (late phase reaction)
- Pathologic Lesions: vascular dilation, edema, smooth muscle contraction, mucus production, inflammation
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Antibody-mediated (type 2) hypersensitivity
- activate complement
- Prototype Disorder: hemolytic anemia; Goodpasture syndrome
- Immune Mechanism: Production of IgG, IgM -> binds to antigen on target cell/tissue -> phagocytosis or lysis of target cell by activated complement or Fc receptors; recruitment of leukocytes
- Pathologic Lesions: cell lysis; inflammation
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Immune complex-mediated (type 3) hypersensitivity
- circulating antibdoies binding to circulating antigens
- Prototype Disorder: systemic lupus erythematosus; some forms of glomerulonephritis; serum sickness; Arthus reaction
- Immune Mechanisms: Deposition of antigen-antibody complexes -> complement activation -> recruitment of leukocytes by complement products and Fc receptors -> release of enzymes and other toxic molecules
- Pathologic Lesions: necrotizing vasculitis (fibrinoid necorsis); inflammation
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Cell-mediated (type 4) hypersensitivity
- TH1 cells
- Prototype Disorder: contact dermatitis; multiple sclerosis; type I, diabetes; translpant rejection; tuberculosis
- Immune Mechanism: Activated T lymphocytes -> release of cytokines and macrophage activation; T-cell mediated cytotoxicity
- Pathologic Lesions: Perivascular cellular infiltrates; edema; cell destruction; granuloma formation
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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Target Antigen: erythrocyte membrane proteins (Rh blood group antigens, I antigen)
- Mechanisms of Disease: opsonization and phagocytosis of erythrocytes
- Clinicopathologic Manifestations: hemolysis, anemia
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Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
- Target Antigen: platelet membrane protiens (gp2b:gp3a integrin)
- Mechanisms of Disease: opsonization and phagocytosis of platelets
- Clinicopathologic Manifestations: bleeding
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Goodpasture Syndrome
- Target Antigen: noncollagenous protein in basement membranes of kidney glomeruli and lung alveoli
- Mechanisms of Disease: complement- and Fc receptor- mediated inflammation
- Clinicopathologic Manifestations: nephritis, lung hemorrhage
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Myasthenia gravis
- Target Antigen: acetylcholine receptor
- Mechanisms of Disease: antibody inhibits acetylcholine binding, down-modulates receptors
- Clincopathologic Manifestations: muscle weakness, paralysis
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Graves disease (hyperthyroidism)
- Target Antigen: TSH receptor
- Mechanisms of Disease: antibody-mediated stimulation of TSH receptors
- Clinicopathologic Manifestations: hyperthyroidism
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Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Antigen involved: DNA, nuceloproteins, others
- Clincopathologic Manifestations: nephritis, arthritis, vasculitis
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Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
- took awhile to generate antibodies at the damage skin
- Antigen Involved: stretococcal cell wall antigen(s); may be "planted" in glomerular basement membrane
- Clinicopathologic Manifestations: nephritis
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Arthus Reaction
- Antigent Involved: various foreign proteins - local where antigens stay
- Clinicopathologic Manifestations: cutaneous vasculitis
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suffix - mab
monoclonal antibody
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infix immediately preceeding the suffix identifies ____ of the antibody
species source
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xi
chimeric- mostly human, but some mouse
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zu
humanized - ~95% human, remaining mouse
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infix preceding the species infix designates the _____
target
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muromonab - CD3
- Ligand/Target: CD3 on T-lymphocytes
- Indication: acute graft rejection
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abciximab
- Ligand/Taget: glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors on platelets
- Indication: prevent reocclusion of coronary arteries following PTCA
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rituximab
- Ligand/Target: CD20 on B lymphocytes
- Indication: non-Hodkin's lymphoma
- chronic lymphotcyic leukemia
- rheumatoid arthritis
- Wegener's Granulomatosis (WG) and Microscopic Polyangiitis
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ibritumomab tiuxetan
- Ligand/Target: CD20 on B lymphocytes
- Indication: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
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tositumomab
- Ligand: CD20 on B lymphocytes
- Indication: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
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ofatumumab
- Ligand: CD20 on B-lymphocytes
- Indication: chronic lympocytic leukemia
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brentuximab vedotin
- CD30 on malignant lymphocytes
- Indications: Hodgkin lymphoma
- anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL)
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alemtuzumab
- Ligand: CD52 on leukocytes
- Indication: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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ipilimumab
- Ligand: CTLA-4 on T-lymphocytes
- Indication: malignant melanoma
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trastuzumab
- Herceptin
- Ligand: Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor (HER2)
- Indication: metastatic breast cancer
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cetuximab
- Erbitux
- Ligand: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR-1; HER-1; c-Erb-1)
- Indication: metastatic colorectal carcinoma
- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
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panitumumab
- Ligand: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR-1; HER-1; c-Erb-1)
- Indication: colorectal carcinoma
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bevacizumab
- Ligand: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
- Indication: metastatic colorectal carcinoma
- glioblastoma
- metastatic renal cell carcinoma
- nonsquamous non-small lung cancer
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ranibizumab
- Ligand: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
- Indication: neovascular ("wet") age related macular degeneration (AMD)
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basiliximab
- Ligand: binds to alpha-subunit (CD25) of IL-2 receptors
- Indication: immunosuppressant
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daclizumab
- Ligand: binds to alpha-subunit (Tac) of IL-2 receptors
- Indication: immunosuppressant
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belimumab
- Ligand: binds to B-lymphocyte stimulator
- Indication: systemic lupus erythematosus
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infliximab
- Ligand: TNF-alpha
- Indication: rheumatoid arthritis
- psoriatic arthritis
- plaque psoriasis
- ankylosing spondylitis
- ulcerative colitis
- Crohn's disease
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adalimumab
- Ligand: TNF-alpha
- Indication: rheumatoid arthritis
- juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- psoriatic arthritis
- ankylosing spondylitis
- Crohn's Disease
- plaque psoriasis
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golimumab
- Ligand: TNF-alpha
- Indication: rheumatoid arthritis
- psoriatic arthritis
- ankylosing spondylitis
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certolizumab pegol
- Ligand: TNF-alpha
- Indication: Crohn's Disease
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toclizumab
- Ligand: IL-6 receptor
- Indication: rheumatoid arthritis
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ustekinumab
- Ligand: p40 protein subunit of IL-12 and IL-23
- Indication: plaque psoriasis
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omalizumab
- Ligand: IgE
- Indication: asthmas
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palivizumab
- Ligand: respiratory syncytical virus
- Indication: prophylaxis against RSV infection
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natalizumab
- Ligand: alpha 4 subunit of alpha-4-beta-1 and alpha-4-beta-7 integrins expressed on the surface of leukocytes
- Indication: multiple sclerosis
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eculizumab
- Ligand: complement protein C5
- Indication: paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
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efalizumab
- Ligand: CD11a, the alpha-subunit of leukocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1)
- Indication: plaque psoriasis
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canakinumab
- Ligand: IL-1beta
- Indication: Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS)
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denosumab
- Ligand: RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B Ligand)
- Indication: bone, osteoporosis
- prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors
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etanercept
- Ligand: TNF-alpha
- Indication: rheumatoid arthritis
- polyarticular-course juevenile rheumatoid arthritis
- ankylosing spnodylitis
- plaque psoriasis
- psoriatic arthritis
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abatacept
- Ligand: CD80 and CD86 (B7.1 and B7.2)
- Indication: rheumatoid arthritis
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belatacept
- Ligand: CD80 and CD86 (B7.1 and B7.2)
- Indication: renal transplantation
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alefacept
- Ligand: CD2 on T-lymphocytes
- Indication: plaque psoriasis
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rilonacept
- Ligand: IL-1beta
- Indication: Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS)
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aflibercept
- Ligand: VEGF
- Indication: neovascular ("wet") age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
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gemtuzumab ozogamicin
- Ligand: CD33 on myeloid colony-forming cells
- Indication: acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
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