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Look up page 109 in Rays text book and page 108. all on henry's law
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The Law that states: the volume of a gas varies inversely with its pressure.
Boyle's Law
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The formula for Boyle's Law
PV(1)=PV(2)
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The Law that states the volume of a gas varies directly with changes in temp.
Charles' Law
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The formula for Charles' Law
V/T(1)=V/T(2)
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The Law that sates: the pressure exertd by a gas varies directly with its absolute temp.
Gay-Lussac's Law
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Gay-Lussac's formula
P/T(1)=P/T(2)
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What is the formula for the universal gas Law?
PV/T(1)=PV/T(2)
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What does STP mean?
0C and 760mmHg
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Ambient temp. (AT) or pressure (AP) means?
The existing environmental temp. or pressure.( opp. of STP)
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Saturated gas (S) means?
a volume of gas with a relative humidity of 100% at any given temp.
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Dry gas (D) means?
a volume of gas w/ no vapor in it.
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STPD means?
a volume of dry gas at temp. of 0C and Pressure 760mmHg
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BTPS means?
a volume of gas saturated w/ water vapor at 37C and ambient enviroment pressure.
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ATPS means?
a volume of gas saturated with water vapor at ambient temp. (room temp.) and pressure.
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When reporting: reporting gases in the lungs are recorded as?
BTPS
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When reporting: gases that undergo chemical rxn in the body, such as blood gases, are recorded?
STPD
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If saturated gas vol. are to be used in physiologic calc., they are fist________, then calc, back to______.
corcected to their dry volume, the saturated value.
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Is the temp. above which the kinetic activity of its molecules is so great that the attactive forced cannot keep them in a liquid state. It is the highest temp. at which a substance can exist as a liquid.
Crtical temp. of a liquid.
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Is the oressure neede to maintain equilibrium between the liquid and gas phases of a substance at this critical temp.
Critical pressure.
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Is where you have critical temp. and critical pressure of a substance.
Critical point
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A gas that has a critical temp. so low that at room temp. and press. it cannot exist as a liquid.
True Gas
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is the gaseus state of a substance coexisting with its liqud or solid state at room temp. and pressure.
Vapor
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is the bulk movement of a substance through space.
Flow
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is the study of fluids in motion.
Hydrodynamics
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The pressure exerted by a liquid in motion depends on the nature of _____ not just the depth and density of the fluid.
Flow itself
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It states that in any mechanical process, there will always be a decrease in the total energy available to do work.
The Second Law of Thermodynaics
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As fluid flows through a tube there will be a pressure drop along the way due to?
a cumulative energy loss
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What is the forumla for total flow resistance?
R=(P1-P2)/V
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In the flow resistance equations what does P1 stand for?
it is the pressure at the upstream point
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In the flow resistance formula what does P2 stand for?
it is the pressure at the downstream point
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In the flow resistance formula, what does V stand for?
It is the flow
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Flow where a fluid moves in discrete cylindrical layers or streamlines.
laminar flow
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Determines the pressure difference required to produce a given flow, under conditions of laminar flow through smooth tube of a fixed size.
Poiseuille's Law
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Formula of for poiseuille's law. Determines press. diff. to prod. a flow.
DeltaP= 8nlv/pir^4
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in poiseuille's formula delta P stands for?
the driving pressure gradient
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in poiseulle's formula n stands for?
the viscosity of the fluid
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in poiseulle's formula l stands for?
the tube length
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in poiseulle's formula v stands for?
the fluid flow
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in poiseulle's formula r stands for?
the tube radius
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For fluids flowinf in a laminar pattern, the driving pressure will increase whenever the_________?
fluic viscosity, tube length, or flow increases.
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Greater pressure will be required to maintain a given flow if the tube radius_____?
decreases
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flow where ther fluid molecules form irregular eddy currents on a chaotic pattern.
Turbulent flow
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Formula for reynolds number
Nr=vxdx2r/n
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in reynolds number formula v stands for?
linear velocity
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in reynolds number d stands for?
fluid density
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In reynolds number r stand for?
the tube radius
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in reynolds number n stands for?
viscosity
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In a smooth-bore tube, laminar flow becomes turbulent when Nr exceeds______.
2000
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These conditions favor what type of flow: increased fluid velocity, increased fluid density, increased tube radius, or decreased fluid viscosity?
turbulent flow
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When flow is turbulent the press. diff across a tube is defined by what formula?
deltaP = flV^2/4pi^2r^5
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deltaP = flV^2/4pi^2r^5 f stands for?
friction factor based on the fluid's density and viscosity and the tube wall roughness.
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deltaP = flV^2/4pi^2r^5 l stands for?
the tube length
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deltaP = flV^2/4pi^2r^5 v stands for?
the fluid flow
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deltaP = flV^2/4pi^2r^5 r stands for?
the radius
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To double flow under laminar conditions, you only need to double ____.
the dricing pressure
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To double flow under turbulent conditions, you would have to?
increase the dricing pressure fourfold
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is a mixture of laminar and turbulent flow.
transitional flow
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flow in the respiratory tract is mianly____
transitional
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when all else is equal, pressres generated during laminar flow are most effect by fluid viscosity, whereas fluid density is the key factor when?
flow is turbulent
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the most common units for flow are?
L/min or L/sec
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The most common unit for velocity are?
cm/sec
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fluid velocity, at a constant flow, varies inversely with the cross-sectional area of the tube. This relationship is called?
Law of Continuity
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what kind of effect is done when a fluid flows through a tube of uniform diameter, pressure drecreases prgressively over the tube lenght.
The Benoulli
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